... the fifth symphony and other cantatas, songs and operas, Shostakovich also composed fifteen quartets, and it can be argued that a string quartet that has no lyrics cannot be political for the simple reason that without the lyrics, there is no possible way for the listener to successfully interpret the meaning the composer intended the piece to have. On the other side of ... , which were controversial, were set to German medieval poetry (in Latin and Bavarian dialect), and classical texts by Catullus, Sappho and Euripides in the original languages, along with additional Latin lyrics by th...

• Word Count: 2701
• Approx Pages: 11
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... a mile and a quarter into the enemy trenches", the net gain by the end of November (attack started July 1) was 5 miles deep at the greatest point, and 18 miles wide. Advance on July 1st however was just "a mile deep and three and a half miles wide" (official Dispatch to Haig). Source H contrasts with the other strongly patriotic, pro-war pieces, it ironically giving some humour ... ...

• Word Count: 6124
• Approx Pages: 24
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... employed the method of Blitzkrieg in Poland with amazing efficiency. Submarines had also made states feel uneasy, how could they feel secure when a fleet of enemy submarines could be a few miles off coast, armed and ready to fire? Of course maybe the most significant thing that had developed during the war was the airplane. The emergence of the airplane meant the ... . Such sudden change in technology meant that the very nature of war itself changed, targets changed. Boundaries were becoming increasingly permeable, and the fact that bombers could travel hundreds of miles brought these ne...

• Word Count: 1615
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... than civilians were. According to the Butt report's main findings prepared for Churchill stated that of the aircraft attacking their targets during strategic bombing one in three got within five miles, over the French ports two in three and over Germany as a whole one in four. Over the heartland of German industry, the main target of strategic bombing, only one in ... ten aircraft got within five miles of their target. During 1941 the RAF aircrews were not bombing the heart of Germany, which they were ordered to, but they were bombing the German countryside because they were ... ...

• Word Count: 736
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... in outside help from Ferdinand of Austria. This is when the struggle began. An army of 20,000 men crossed the Bohemian border and marched on Pilsen, a Catholic stronghold 52 miles southwest of Prague. The army was under the German mercenary general, Count Ernst Von Mansfeld. In 1618, Mansfeld attacked and after 15 hours of fighting, they captured the town. After ... Mansfeld's victory, the Catholics delayed their plans to seize Prague. On the following year, Mansfeld and his troops, marched toward the Catholic stronghold of Budweis, 75 miles to the southeast. After seven hours of fighti...

• Word Count: 2101
• Approx Pages: 8
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... culture, society and its feelings as a whole are regarded as more important than the feelings of the individual self. In Things Fall Apart, Okonkwo struggles with the distinction between these two views of society, along with the cultural changes that were happening in his village as ... own feelings and well being, reflecting the sentiments of non-western societies such as Africa, and seen in the same sense in Things Fall Apart. Isabelle Allende's The House of the Spirits reflects emotional instability due to societal restraints in the form of patriarchal dominance. It is a ... being i...

• Word Count: 2771
• Approx Pages: 11
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... clear that economics goes far beyond utilizing resources or levels of development and by comparing different economic systems one can analyze their importance and influence on other sectors of society. Apart from affecting other sectors, an economic system is also impacted by social, cultural and geographical forces along with the regular inputs of land, labor, and capital. Traditionally, economic ... intervention, human society will ultimately destroy itself. This bleak viewpoint again would support hierarchy in the economic system as a way to maintain order. The chosen few, similar t...

• Word Count: 4711
• Approx Pages: 19
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... war of 1866 can be seen as a German civil war with Bavarians, Saxons and many others fighting Prussians. How much did things change with the foundation of the Second Reich? Apart from the long-term developments in support of unification (economic and cultural), the empire was founded during a war with France. As Germans were fighting next to each other against the ... the 1870s, however, repressive measures seemed incommensurate to the threat Catholicism posed to the Reich. The fight against Catholicism also appeared to become counterproductive because it strengthened the Center Party. ...

• Word Count: 10254
• Approx Pages: 41
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... by economic factors. However there were other contributing elements. The witch trials took place throughout most of Europe. Briggs had identified the heartland of the witch craze to be a hundred miles or so either side of the Rhine, from Luxembourg and north west Germany down to Savoy and the Swiss Confederation. Although these places were hit quite hard by the craze ... ...

• Word Count: 1385
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... German Customs Union which abolished all tariffs in the states who joined up to it as well as the building of the first railway line which grew 600 to 4000 miles by 1840. Although massive improvements were made in areas such as coal and iron production these were small in comparison with British standards, due mainly to little technical innovation and ... ...

• Word Count: 517
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... appeasement. The first option - that of inaction - seemed no longer viable. Unlike the USA, the stretch of water between them and the belligerent powers was not hundreds, but tens of miles wide. Baldwin (who really establish appeasement into the Conservative consensus) summed up the way in which the Great War, and the development of new technology, especially aircraft (which was a particular ... ...

• Word Count: 2060
• Approx Pages: 8
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... known as "area bombing". In the summer of 1941 a survey of bombing accuracy over Germany at night revealed that just 30% of bombers found their way to within even five miles of specific targets. The main difficulties were flying in darkness, bad weather and primitive navigation aids. This shocking news dashed Churchill's high hopes for the success of bombing. He later ... ...

• Word Count: 915
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... in a modern art gallery. However, it is rarely questioned whether things are mathematical in nature or not. For example, the photograph below3 shows a crop circle at Litchfield in Hampshire, approximately 7 miles from my house and adjacent to the busy A34 trunk road. Not only was this crop circle mathematical in design but also according to the Crop Circular3, "it emerged that ... ...

• Word Count: 2066
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... be won or lost on the beaches Battle of the Bulge - Germany's counter-attack; Nazi surprise attack - struck at weakest point in Allied line in the Ardennes and penetrated 60 miles inland creating a large bulge - German's hoped they would break it and split the Allied forces in two and capture the Allied main supply base at Antwerp - Germans ran out of ... ...

• Word Count: 945
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... tried to avoid conflict with Germany, due to the strength of Russia, its ties with Great Britain, and their own lack of military vigor, by appeasing her with 100,000 miles of French Congo, again establishing the value of colonies. The chapter's focus on empire building, does add to the one's understanding of European ambitions, again however, this seems to have ... ...

• Word Count: 1221
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... optimism for the German people but also created tension in right-wing conservative groups. The right attacked the German government for allowing traditional German values to be undermined by modernism. Apart from the small notion of outrage from the right, the culture of the "Years of Stability" was embraced by the German public and transformed the nation into a centre ... ...

• Word Count: 1054
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... the electorate voted against the Nazis. Bruning and Schleicher had both unceremoniously been sacked by the president after their plans for Germany had failed, whilst the grand coalition had fallen apart and Hindenburg was forced to rule by decree from 1930, with his chancellor Von Papen having less than 10% of Reichstag seats and the central parties at an irrevocable stalemate ... ...

• Word Count: 1162
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... and this made Germany even more prone and vulnerable to foreign attack and because of its major loss of land, Germany also felt like it had been weakened and split apart altogether. The country also felt that the treaty was a dictate and were upset not to be invited to Versailles. The most damage Germany had made was thought to be in ... ...

• Word Count: 1207
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... very patriotic and have strong patriarchal beliefs. The swastika was a powerful visual marker. Hitler used propaganda to promote his ideology of Aryanism. One of his main aims were to set apart and elevate Aryans claiming they were the master race. In propaganda posters Aryans were portrayed with pale skin, blonde hair and blue eyes. Aryans were said to have superiority over ... ...

• Word Count: 2000
• Approx Pages: 8
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... Eurozone nations and the problems that the Euro presents, this situation will not end without significant changes - and a complete breakup of the Eurozone is a distinct possibility. If the Eurozone falls apart, Greece financial issues will have much to do with it. According to Standard & Poor's chief investment strategist Sam Stovall: "most people on Wall Street believe Greece will eventually default."" Greece ... ...

• Word Count: 1601
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... , 2, pp 226-232). Charlemagne's reign proved to be very attributable to European society and culture. Though sadly after his death it was not long before his empire began to fall apart. The empire was later split amongst three of Charlemagne's grandsons, which inevitably lead to conflict. Along with drastic attacks by the Vikings and other invaders, the European civilization fell once ... ...

• Word Count: 1294
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... characteristics can be transmitted from parent to offspring. These characteristics include such things like aggressiveness, anxiousness and the ability to reason. A research study called the Minnesota Study of Twins Reared Apart, involving 30 pairs of identical twins, began at the University of Minnesota in 1981. It was believed, based on the fact that these twins had the exact same genetic makeup ... ...

• Word Count: 1530
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... differences the underlying principles of the systems remains the same. Russia is a political system that does not resemble other European systems. The nations "persistent tradition of Absolutism" has set it apart from other nations(365 Mahler). Under most of Russia's dictators, the political ideology has been based on Karl Marx's form of Marxism. For example, leaders like Lenin, Khrushchev and Stalin ... ...

• Word Count: 812
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... out earlier, was a common means of obtaining safety). Unlike the situation in other European countries, particularly Poland, the Jews were physically indistinguishable from their fellow countrymen, and did not live apart generally from Christians. Still one other less tangible characteristic of the Italian Jews and non-Jews alike was an amiable inclination to ignore the law. It seems never to have ... ...

• Word Count: 4666
• Approx Pages: 19
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... piece is organized in a particularly open, uncluttered fashion common to the Gothic period, and a strong sense of three-dimensionality is also present. The clocks, though large and dynamic, are spread apart with plenty of open space, allowing them each to be seen clearly. The open space is filled with a consistent background, and striking Gothic architecture. Three-dimensionality is evident everywhere in ... ...

• Word Count: 1293
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate