Have you ever felt irritable about the traffic congestion when you are driving? The growing levels of congestion and air pollution found in many regions of the world because of the rapidly increasing number of private cars in use. Noise and air pollution have become a huge headache for people living in the cities. Imagine when you walk on the street, you smell disgusting tints of ... helps to significantly reduce the carbon emissions and decreasing the possibilities of noise. Noise and air pollution describe the environmental issues of having so much uncomfortable noise and bad air quality th...

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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... 1992, carbon monoxide levels exceeded the Federal air quality standard in twenty US. cities affecting more than 14 million people. (EPA Automobiles) Legislative Action Taken to Reduce Emissions The 1970's Clean Air Act (CAA) and the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments (CAAA) gives state and local governments primary responsibility for regulating pollution from power plants, factories, and other ... "stationary sources." The Environmental Protection Agency has the primary responsibility for "mobile source" pollution control. In 1975, resulting from EPA intervention, automobile ... in emission...

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... generate the electricity to recharge EV batteries. It is much more efficient to control air pollution from a single power plant rather than from many individual automobiles. Electric vehicles with cleaner air as a byproduct, will improve the air quality especially in heavily congested areas such as New York and Los Angeles. With ... in the atmosphere. The emissions that come out of a vehicle depend greatly on the fuel that goes into it. Consequently, programs to control air toxics pollution have centered around changing fuel composition as well as around improving vehicle technology or ...

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... resource to be depleted. This stresses the need for an alternate energy source to power automobiles, and the redesign of the combustion engine to use this new energy source. Pollution of the air from fossil fuels is a problem that society has been aware of for quite some time. The Environmental Protection Agency reports "carbon monoxide results from incomplete combustion of fuel and ... domestically, this offers the potential for dramatically reducing the $50 billion the U.S. spends annually for imported oil. In addition, there is an opportunity to reduce the health costs of urban air p...

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... of travel freedom offered by the automobile, but Taxi2000 does offer another solution to this transportation dilemma--Personal Rapid Transit (PRT) systems which uses total electricity to run, cause no air pollution, no traffic congestion, and much more. The population of the United States has doubled since the 1930's and many communities that were rural towns in the depression years have grown ... requirements have virtually destroyed the economic viability of downtown districts. The sheer volume of automobiles and buses chokes the streets and brings traffic to a crawl. Traffic congesti...

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... the bettering of our environment. Well you are probably sitting there wondering who is going to cover the cost of planting the trees for the pollution that is created by each car purchased. It's actually very simple. The car dealership where you purchased your vehicle will be held responsible ... chemicals over waterways to donate portions of their profits to water conservation sound like a solid plan. You are most likely sitting there thinking that water pollution isn't that big of a threat these days since we have our water treatment plants and all, well think again. Think about the ei...

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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... automakers: Start producing vehicles that are kinder to gods creation and we will urge the faithful to buy them." (Porretto 3D) pollution produced from internal combustion engines powered by petroleum-based fuels. These engines "emit significant amounts of air pollutants, air toxins, and carbon dioxide. The health effects of these pollutants range from headaches to serious respiratory damage such as lung cancer" ( ... gasoline, but it would also have greater fuel efficiency. Many companies have already converted to the natural gas aspect of internal combustion engines due to their gaine...

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... EPA's recently establish regulations. Hydrocarbon is a collective term for the several combinations of hydrogen and carbon that cause environmental problems. Also known as "air toxins" these compounds cause lung irritation, cancer, birth defects, and a unique problem concerning the formation of ozone smog in the lower of the ... in the world's fifth largest economy home to 24 million motor vehicles, which are responsible for 40% of the state's greenhouse pollution. California's Air Resource Board and California Energy Commission is also involved in a program with Daimler, Ford's partner...

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Currently most cars run of fossil fuels such as diesel and gasoline and produce 25% to 75% of the chemicals that pollute the air. Fossil fuels release hydrocarbons like carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide when they are combusted. "Carbon dioxide accounts for over 80% of ... been faced with the challenge to build more fuel-efficient cares. All new vehicles must meet federal emission standards but the older the vehicle the more pollution it produces. Automakers must conform to the laws and have responding by producing different vehicles like an electric and hybrid cars. The human perception of ...

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... Urban Sprawl developing in the city has lead to two major problems to be solved in the Greater Toronto Area. The first of these problems is the growing concern of pollution and the role it plays on the environment. The use of the automobile is increasing rapid and is becoming a full-grown problem for environmental protection Agency's as well for the ... by about 70% of the cities population and this is an extensive deal in comparison with only 30% using public transport. This is a great concern primarily due to the massive air pollution that is undergone in the city and the effect it ma...

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... in this essay, including three inner constraints and two outer challenges. The three inner constraints are problems of small scale and fragmentation, special treatment and regional protection, and concerns over air pollution. The two outer challenges come from China's entry into the World Trade Organization (WTO) and foreign direct investment (FDI). According to the China yearbook 2000, the number of privately ... market status. Another layer of complexity to the issues of automobile industry is introduced by the emergence of environmental protection. Wei [2002] reports that in terms of s...

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... vehicle travel has brought to millions over the past hundred years has also carried some unfortunate side effects. Millions of Americans now breathe in unhealthy air and fossil fuel emissions are having a measurable effect on the Earth's climate, and oil imports are approaching their highest levels in U.S history ... future promises to be 98-100 percent cleaner than today's car, offering major air quality benefits to smog-choked regions of the country. In the dirtiest US cites, the economic value of zeroing out pollution with these vehicles could total anywhere between $4000 to $8000 per...

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... times after this, automotive manufacturers have built new hybrid cars to combat crises such as the oil crisis of 1973 and the surge of air pollution in the 1990's. It wasn't until the year 2000 that the world understood the tremendous possibilities of this new line of cars and ... generation of electric cars will help the world improve the polluted environment, decrease the risk of lung cancer due to the toxins in the air, and help the economy by using a cost effective energy source. This dependence on the internal combustion engine is costing us in these several ... helping to clean th...

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... and recover the energy used to slow down or stop a vehicle. Fuel cells generate electricity through an electrochemical reaction that combines hydrogen with ambient air. Pure hydrogen or any fossil fuel that has been "reformed" can be used to produce a hydrogen-rich gas. Methanol is a common fuel ... to 50%, relatively high in comparison to the 20%-25% efficiency of standard gasoline engines. Battery-powered vehicles give off virtually no pollution and offer one of the best options for reducing motor vehicle emissions in polluted cities. Power plants that produce electricity do pollute. ....

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... add and develop their site while keeping it user friendly because there is going to be potential customers that are unfamiliar with the computer. Regulatory Environment Opportunity The recognition that air pollution is a leading concern to Canadians and their health has prompted the government to make tougher regulations regarding vehicle emission standards. These include the Drive Clean program, which requires the driver ... the tighter rules made in the amendments to the Canadian Vehicle Emissions regulations, the government has also formed a coalition with the Canadian Vehicle Manufa...

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... size of hybrid cars. People who drive gasoline powered cars can only gain good mileage from there cars by the manner which they drive their car. This is due to air drag and other technical issues that deal with cars but the thing is that hybrid cars already have this advantage due to the use of both batteries and gasoline in ... most critical times of driving a car, this brings about very low emissions in which helps our environment, something that is lacking from most gasoline. A well designed hybrid can reduce smog pollution by 90% or more compared with the cleanest conventional vehic...

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... _site.asp). This production localization will still go on. Since our planet is getting warmer and warmer, more and more people and governments are concerned about environment protection: the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 mandated that automakers reduce emissions from their manufacturing plants and contained several new vehicle regulations. The CAAA also required the use of cleaner-burning fuels, including ... reformulated gasoline (U.S Industry &Trade Outlook 2000). Under the pressure of intense competition in the global market, automakers have to face the demands and comply with gove...

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• Grade Level: Undergraduate