The plaintiffs in the suits argued that "a monopoly in New Orleans on the butchering of livestock violated the rights of butchers elsewhere. " And, "the monopoly, created by the state legislature, violated their right to pursue a legal occupation, supposedly protected by the privileges and immunities clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. " (Kommers, Finn, & Jacobsohn, 115) In the ruling, Justice Miller wrote that the Fourteenth Amendment recognized state and national citizenship as two different things, and that it overturned Dred Scott v Sanford. ... Justice Frankfurter wrote a concurring opini...

• Word Count: 2594
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

"Mausoleums, statues, monuments will never be erected to me," Adams wrote in 1809 to a friend who also had been breading John Marshall's massive and pietistic Life of Washington. " I wish them not. ... One could wish for his comments upon learning that a definitive edition of his papers is in progress, that biographers and students of all aspects of his career and thought are busier and more numerous that ever, and that he is the leading character- and a highly attractive one-in a musical play, 1776, that ran for years on Broadway, has been performed with great success elsewhere, and is ...

• Word Count: 330
• Approx Pages: 1
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Based on Arthur Miller's play of the same name, "The Crucible" is set in the small settler town of Salem, Massachusetts in the early 1690's, a town with many young ladies looking for love. ... The original play was written in 1953 in response to the infamous Senator Joseph McCarthy, who at the time was leading a "witch hunt" of sorts for the arch-nemesis of the United States, the communist. Many of the people targeted in McCarthy's hunt were celebrities based solely on the reason that they spend a lot of time outside the country; Miller topped this exclusive list and i...

• Word Count: 523
• Approx Pages: 2
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

In the discussion board I wrote that Ray Kroc's: Ambition, persistence, and unrelenting dedication towards making McDonalds a successful business proved to have paid off in the end. ... Guadalupe De La Cruz, a student who commented on Elvis Presley's influence on America, wrote that: Elvis illustrated the culture of the 1950's by changing the face of popular music forever His unusual style, that included sexy moves, and good looks started to cause more and more excitement everywhere he played. ...

• Word Count: 813
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

"The median wealth of white households is 20 times that of black households and 18 times of Hispanic households," wrote a market analyst (Chung). ... Interestingly, these same black and Hispanic workers played a large role in Obama's success in his presidency campaign. ...

• Word Count: 551
• Approx Pages: 2
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The changes of economy and politics aside, the role of chase relations and the advancement of Jim Crow laws both play a major role as well. ... The humans of the new south, Ayers wrote, "had been dislodged from earlier bases of character and begin no new ones accessible at hand." ...

• Word Count: 547
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

" The study that Gardner analyzed concluded that those who have fun with trolling have a tendency to "enjoy playing the villain and torturing other characters, along with making jokes at the expense of others,"(Gander) such mischievous acts have become more common on the internet through websites that offer a sense of incognito. ... The Western Mail published an article titled Fighting sad, irresponsible people abusing the Internet; where the author David Williamson wrote, "Justice Secretary Ken Clarke's new defamation bill is designed to tackle the trolls MP...

• Word Count: 1240
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

As Professor Kennedy said in his article, " So we play their game . ... Gill wrote in article, "As long as society perceives human variation in the terms of discrete races (sometimes even social races), then the forensic anthropologist must be prepared to at least articulate results of analysis in those terms." ...

• Word Count: 762
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Later on Dansforth played a key role in the confirmation and appointment of Thomas as a judge of the Supreme Court. ... Although Hill was the only person to have testified at the confirmation hearings, Angela Wright who also worked with Thomas at the EEOC before she was fired wrote a memorandum to the committee alleging that Thomas had asked her out and made suggestive statements bordering on the female body. To her, this did not amount to sexual harassment but some women would have taken it to be sexual harassment, while another colleague Sukari Hardnett wrote to the committee stating that at...

• Word Count: 1716
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

"They wrote their first Constitution known as The Articles of Confederation. ... Madison explicated that maintaining autonomy and preventing dependence between the government's three different branches promoted checks and balances when he wrote, "In framing a government which is to be administered by men over men, the great difficulty lies in this: you must first enable the government to control the governed; and in the next place oblige it to control itself. ... No single founder had a monopoly on America and each one played a role in the nation and the Constitution's early succes...

• Word Count: 1434
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

(Out of Many, 614) In addition to the revoluntaries that encouraged reforms, muckrakers also played a crucial role in addressing injustices and calling attention to the American citizen. ... Upton Sinclair was best-known for his novel, The Jungle, which he wrote in 1906. ... (Out of Many, 634) Ida Tarbell also brought about change, she wrote History of Standard Oil Company in 1904, were she exposed the practices of some corporations and strengthened the movement for outlawing monopolies. ...

• Word Count: 1668
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

These types of concessions that the federal government provided for Astor's American Fur Company, shows how officials on the top level felt about the force and influence that Astor could play in decreasing the British tension in the northern area of Michigan and Minnesota. Although the fur trade played an important role in the wealth and status that John Jacob Astor received, another point of progress and innovation that his American Fur Company derived was that of the start of the fishing business in the tough cold waters of Lake Superior. ... Burnett wrote to a salt dealer in New York...

• Word Count: 1777
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Reflecting to the sentence wrote by Whitney to his father, "One man and a horse will do more than fifty men with the old machines"5, factories began to dominate urban areas, and forced the United States' economy to a new level. ... Those large amounts of foreign workers, who should be paid, played a significant role to complete the important railroad building and to enhance the strength of the industrial economy of the United States. ... Technology, immigration, and self-interest played a giant part in American economic improvement all at once, which made the United States gradually beco...

• Word Count: 928
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Jefferson wrote privately, "God forbid we should be ever 20 years without such a rebellion. ... After that, Jefferson was a presidential candidate for the Republicans while "Hamilton, not being a native-born American, could never be a candidate for president, but he would play an active role in the election of candidates for that high post.... Both Hamilton and Jefferson played an important role in shaping the American nation, even though they had different types of views....

• Word Count: 956
• Approx Pages: 4
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Usually when writers in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century wrote on this theory they rarely used the actual term Social Darwinism. ... Thomas Huxley also played a role in this phenomenon because he was a biologist and strong supporter of Darwin. ...

• Word Count: 3313
• Approx Pages: 13
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Justice Marshall wrote that the power to tax involves the power to destroy. ... The states play a key role in social welfare, public education, law enforcement, criminal justice, health and hospitals, roads and highways, and managing water supplies. ...

• Word Count: 1375
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Schlesinger, himself a liberal democrat, does give a very convincing argument that the Jacksonian liberals played a part in the quick economic recovery from the Great Depression. ... Hammond, in the excerpts provided, wrote a commentary on another historians work, although, Hammond's work does not deserve to be discredited as a conservative backlash to a liberal movement. ...

• Word Count: 1042
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The purpose of this essay is to talk about balance of power in the international scene where polarity plays an important role. ... In his book The Stability of a Unipolar World, he wrote, "The existing distribution of capabilities generates incentives for cooperation....

• Word Count: 1317
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Dew states, the only way to find clear evidence of the role slavery played in secession is to study the speeches and letters of the men who served as commissioners of the lower South. ... When Stephen Hale wrote letters to Kentucky's governor, he stressed that Northerners have done nothing but attack the South, and Lincoln's election was the final blow and a call for war. ...

• Word Count: 997
• Approx Pages: 4
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Members of the public and huge sports fan copy the jersey numbers and playing styles and they are also influenced by theirs sports star's use of drugs (J. ... In opposition to this, Nicholas Dixon (2008) wrote in his journal article that sports events would become "tests of rivals' access to good pharmaceutical technology and knowledge and their bodies' ability to use these chemicals efficiently" which would highly discourage spectators (J. ... Conversely, Richard Pound's online article (2008) attempts to remind the public that athletes "don't take these...

• Word Count: 4945
• Approx Pages: 20
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Another enlightened publicist that influenced many colonists was Jose Antonio Alzate y Ramierez, who wrote Gaceta de Literatura, which provided informative articles on the applied sciences. ... Spaniards organized in powerful consulados or merchant guilds, also played a key role in financing mining and the repartimiento business. ...

• Word Count: 1547
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

James Madison wrote in Federalist Papers #10, "By a faction, I understand a number of citizens, whether amounting to a majority or a minority of the whole, who are united and actuated by some common impulse of passion, or of interest, adversed to the rights of other citizens, or to the permanent and aggregate interests of the community." ... The XYZ affair played right into the hands of the Federalist Party. ... The Federalist needed the Sedition bill to shut down the Republican presses and Bache played right into their hands with his publication of Tallyrand's conciliatory letter to the ...

• Word Count: 2353
• Approx Pages: 9
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The creation a central government in America soon became a common goal among Congress, and Lee's strongly democratic views and insistence on political reforms came into play. ... Once, in a letter to John Adams, Lee wrote, "The hasty unpersevering, aristocratic genius of the south suits not my disposition, and is inconsistent with my ideas of what must constitute social happiness and security." ...

• Word Count: 1997
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

This essay will critically evaluate the evidence for the view that the American criminal justice system is racist, comment on the view that the Justice system is racist, with evidence gathered from both sides of the argument, and will conclude to agree with the view that the system is racist. "We ca...

• Word Count: 2307
• Approx Pages: 9
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

And, remembering that the adherents of Christianity did not commonly adopt Dualism until after Thomas Aquinas wrote his famous treatises, there is simply no good evidence suggesting that Jesus preached Dualism or that he was anything more than a populist with uncommon abilities to communicate the traditional Humanism ethics of his god. ...

• Word Count: 2074
• Approx Pages: 8
• Grade Level: Undergraduate