... linguistic activity as talking but as " words, or other signs that are relevant to particular topics without expressing any passion" ("Letter to the Marquess of Newcastle," CR, p. 36). In Descartes" Discourse on the Method of Rightly Conducting One's Reason and Seeking the Truth n the Sciences, he first suggests a test to see if there is a separation of body and mind which includes such ... for linguistic activity, as described above, are the only "external actions" that are able to show a thinking mind. Some examples of actions based on passions given by Descartes include eating, walki...

• Word Count: 1300
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... taken a shift since the start of the late 20th century. Debates have raged over the inhumane, suffocating conditions animals are subjected towards for the development of vaccines, cosmetics and drugs. On either side of this ongoing discussion the ethical and moral standards are considered/ conflicted. Animal cruelty or subjection of an animal to inappropriate treatments it is counter inductive to humans ... in place that enable protection of not just our kind but also animals if there is to be a sustainable future in which we and animals can learn/ reflect and rely on each other. To onl...

• Word Count: 562
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... of what we would call science and technology, is capable of effecting an infinite advancement in the quality of man's life, he could be regarded as supporting Voltaire against Rousseau on the crucial question of the necessity for civilization. Billy, as Melville presents him, is indeed a person of admirable character, but his very nobility prevents him from adjusting satisfactorily to the ... antisocial vice or virtue, that forces him to express himself through the even more anti-social act of manslaughter. But, while Melville would appear to take Voltaire's side against Rousseau on the...

• Word Count: 1389
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... parents are the main source. Prejudice is a cyclical phenomenon. I'd say the original source cannot be traced, but parent teaches child who teaches their child who teaches their child and so on. Parents socialize their children by instilling their own values, morals, belief systems, etc. into their children "if the parent is prejudice, the child is likely to be as well ... before, prejudice starts in the family with socialization. Our generation and future ones have the power to begin to reconstruct our prejudiced ways of thinking and behavior. By not passing on these intolerant values ...

• Word Count: 623
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

In recent years there has been a major increase in the amount of violence aired on television and in films. For some movies like "Charlie's Angels" and "Bad Boys", the entire story involves violence and if the violent scenes were removed there wouldn't be many scenes ... violence and criminal activity. Many of these are biased as the criminals who are interviewed after being sentenced are usually more than happy to place the blame of their activities on some other circumstances. I personally believe that the popularity of these movies is due the natural interest of human beings to have some ...

• Word Count: 284
• Approx Pages: 1
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... language we do not understand. A man can have no right to abuse and torment a beast. Is animal experimentation a price too high for some to pay? I guess the answer would depend on whether you were asking a human, a researcher, or an animal. Animal experiments occur when a researcher has an educated "guess." Then they must decide whether the benefits will outweigh the costs of ... regulations have been passed. Computer models, cell structures, and artificial substances are now used in place of animals. In 1986, the Animals Scientific Procedures Act was passed to ensure regulations on ani...

• Word Count: 981
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... doctrine of free human will, yet he failed to recognize the fact that this is what gives us the ability and obligation to make our own decisions. Throughout his work "On Free Choice of the Will," he repeatedly calls upon God's help and assistance to guide his reasoning and arguments, yet it is his own intelligence that allows him to quickly ... . Yet their actions led to the devastation of an immense number of lives and many of the repercussions are still felt even to this day. If their followers had acted on their own beliefs rather than blindly following those of their leaders and the ...

• Word Count: 1205
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The computer is a recent invention. When Jonh Atanasoff designed the first computer more than a half century ago, he could not imagine the huge influence on todays human society. Now we are so dependent on computers that we wonder what things would be like without them. You have only to walk into the bank when their main computer is broken to assess the situation ... it might be too late. I strongly believe that is very important to be suspicious of the benefit that computers will bring and ensure that we will never become totally depended on a completely technological world. ...

• Word Count: 259
• Approx Pages: 1
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The Influence of Atrahasis on Mesopotamian Beliefs of Human Nature To the ancient Mesopotamians, founders of archaic civilization and architects of history, the belief in many higher, ... previously existing cultures, but also in religious writings, a milestone innovation of the Sumerians. Myths and other religious tales could henceforth be written down, augmenting their impact on nearly every aspect of Mesopotamian life. One such myth, Atrahasis, illustrates the potent Mesopotamian beliefs of creation, the untold power of the many irritated, exalted gods to ... horror (Heritage of World Civi...

• Word Count: 1127
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

MEDICAL EXPERIMENTATION Can we justify medical experimentation on animals? Researchers say we can; because of the enormous benefit to human beings. Although, single experiments will not lead to any medical discovery, ... and moral responsibilities resulting from the use of animals in research we must not fail to place on the scales the terrible pains that would have resulted, would be suffered, and the continued suffering had medical experimentation on animals not been used. Every disease eliminated, vaccine developed and treatment prescribed was due in whole or ... reality is animal exploit...

• Word Count: 298
• Approx Pages: 1
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Remarque in the first pages of his book All Quiet on the Western Front summarises the theme of his entire text by dedicating it to "a generation that was destroyed by the war - even ... accounts of Remarque, who served in the war, Baumer's depiction of the horrors and degradations of war, and the physical, spiritual and psychological toll it takes on all its participants gains credibility and makes for shocking and powerful reading. Within the short space of a few hundred pages Remarque strips the somewhat romanticized "great" ... " mechanized trench warfare. Remarque brutally strips away thes...

• Word Count: 424
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... best discussed rather than defined, I feel as though John's continuum is extremely accurate and worthy of being discussed. This paper will discuss John's continuum while also giving insight and analysis on how it allows individuals to realize that humans inherently possess multiple personalities; which may be considered either good or bad. John's "Qualities of Communication" continuum has three parts; which includes ... can also be named "Personalities of Human Communication." To explain, John's continuum opens the door for one to become aware of the multiple personalities a person jump...

• Word Count: 748
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... , we would not function the same was as a human race. We might think differently and our cultures may be shaped differently depending on how strong these multiple intelligences are present in our lives. With this said, I believe that there is one form of intelligence that is ... their best to try and make the person feel better. Our interpersonal intelligence alerts us of occasions such as this and ultimately, "builds on a core capacity to notice distinctions among others" (Gardner 367). The most important characteristic and value that makes Interpersonal Intelligence cross-cultural is .....

• Word Count: 986
• Approx Pages: 4
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... forget about the horrors of the Holocaust. Today, the traits of capital punishment are said to be more human: criminals die on the electric chair, in the gas chamber, on the gallows or by poisoning. The discussion about it just started at the end of the 18th and showed success in the ... for the state as money for long and expensive imprisonments with psychological care is saved, the opponents argue on the base of data which show that even more money is spent on official testimonials and lengthy proceedings. Likewise do the backers believe that this way to die is human and painless ... ...

• Word Count: 705
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... I will critically discuss the plausibility and implausibility of Aristophanes" view of love. Aristophanes, being a comic poet, offers an engaging and mythological perspective on the topic of love. Aristophanes" speech begins by explaining the nature of man and what has become of it. Aristophanes suggests that long ago, ... into a circle from which two pairs of arms and legs protruded, he had two faces, and most importantly, two sets of genitalia. Aristophanes goes on to say that there were three different kinds of these original human beings, all of which were differentiated by their ge...

• Word Count: 1564
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... continues to transform education and training but usually in ways unforeseen by its inventors. Who would have predicted the effects of the printing press, the telephone or the computer on the way we transmit knowledge and organize schools? Yet, unlike other periods, where any thought of educational applications lagged well behind other technologies, today an explicit set of expectations ... mission-impacting development projects to reduce costs and improve productivity. More than ever before, new technologies are demonstrating their potential for transforming society. Transitions to new...

• Word Count: 1841
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... technology in the name of growth and progress. Moreover we find our spiritual and moral values eroded as the kind of development paradigm perpetrated by the West had been anchored on a very materialistic perspective of the universe devoid of any spiritual presupposition or moral import, such that the materialistic development paradigm blatantly disregards our religious and spiritual traditions which have ... economic order. Even the money (funds) that we receive from funding donors are derived from the current development model that we deplore. Our existence as alternative movements pr...

• Word Count: 3196
• Approx Pages: 13
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... the technologies we have which we think we are capable of reining them. Shelley predicts a dangerous circumstance through women's sensitivity and acuteness, which scientism, which means too much reliance on science to transform the human interests and environment, enables humans to boundlessly idolize it, becoming indefeasible. The irrational exploration of knowledge and technology leads to an uncontrollable situation in the ... science, facilitating ungovernable innovative science's pursuits much more likely to diverge blindly from its original intention, they are potentially ultimatel...

• Word Count: 1916
• Approx Pages: 8
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... the naturally arriving question of whether man is fundamentally good or bad. In turn, further questions arose in regards to his new founding principle on the goodness of human nature, such as, to what extent is human behavior conditioned by social institutions, and to what extent does it spring ... directly from innate qualities? Mencius' response delves not only into the principles on which his belief is found, but also the definition of the nature of man: what distinguishes humans from animals. According to Mencius, " ... to the way a sprout contains a certain direction of growth t...

• Word Count: 1787
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... that no man "ought to harm another in his life, liberty, or possessions" . According to Locke this Law of Reason restrains men from infringing on the rights of others. According to Locke, in the State of Nature there is no need for a central authority figure to govern the actions ... we have progressed from a barbaric, tribal existence to a civilized society with more freedom and wealth, at the unfortunate price of inequality, while Rousseau, on the other hand, believes that the quality of life has declined, and there can be no freedom because inequality prevents it. Rousseau's statement...

• Word Count: 2158
• Approx Pages: 9
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... with that, Aristotle writes about the necessity of "generosity-, making people support the poor and calls "friendship-, defined as a mutual solidarity of free people, the highest political virtue. Further on, Aristotle points to means and conditions of State formation that contribute to the greatest extent to harmonization of interests for common good and benefit. He considered those forms of State ... endows everyone with equal liberty, with an opportunity to participate in State government. In Aristotle's view, politeia is "the golden mean- between two opposite vices, oligarchy and de...

• Word Count: 2447
• Approx Pages: 10
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... differences between Eastern and Western religions will help to explain the different ecological problems facing these areas at present day. The Christian attitude towards nature is one that relies heavily on human being's mastery over nature. Christianity's beliefs and religious documents justified the possibility of utilizing and exploiting nature for the sole benefit of the human race without taking into ... been increasingly causing over the last few centuries. In regards to the Western world, who have a strong tradition of Christianity, to fix the problem of the destruction of our ...

• Word Count: 4374
• Approx Pages: 17
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... an issue first hand. In the essay In the Service of What?: The Politics of Service Learning, Joseph Kahne and Joel Westheimer touch on overcoming the "otherness" that students often feel when learning about social issues. "The experiential and interpersonal components of service learning activities can ... look forward to after death, no wonder society has perpetuated the belief that humans hold dominion over all other animals. (Singer, 186) Descartes is considered by many to be the epitome of great Western thinking. If someone such as him has declared animals soulless, what were ... und...

• Word Count: 2111
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... human animals construct symbolic representation and form their own language. In his book 'The Decent of Man', Darwin demonstrated otherwise to that of Descartes automaton animals that, although consciousness remains a problem for understand cognitive minds, animals possess a phenomenal conscious. He did not suppose that barnacles would ... or do to a lower degree. It is a common idea that the foundation of human sentience and thus their acknowledgement for a moral status is based on many characteristics - sex for pleasure, ability to communicate within the species, and family ties, ...

• Word Count: 1631
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... the base of many cultural debates. However, in the 17th century, the rise of rationalism, and modern liberalism brought new thinking streams undermining the legitimacy of the Church. Philosophers like Descartes promoted reason while Newton and his scientific colleagues discovered physical concepts, changing our conception of the world. However, most of these 17th century thinkers remained linked to the church, promoting ... its for many years. An important philosopher, Nietzsche, born in the middle of the 19th century, brought new ideas and tried to present his philosophy on the "death"...

• Word Count: 636
• Approx Pages: 3
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate