... court to reconsider its traditional jurisprudence about how to measure the seriousness of a threat in the modern age, Elonis' attorney, John P. Elwood, stated the following in his petition: "Communication online by email and social media has become commonplace, even as the norms and expectations for such communication remain unsettled. The inherently impersonal nature of ... online communication makes such messages inherently susceptible to misinterpretation." (Washington Post) I urge you, dear reader, to consider the implications of Elonis' statements. This is a grown man who should un...

• Word Count: 1125
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography

... on those profiles and whether the person is qualified, and entities could often make judgments off of personal biases. Others argue that applicants must already comply with background checks, drug tests, credit checks, and verification of employment history, education, and income. Therefore, a simple profile check should be acceptable. This controversy brings up a broader question of what is & ... his fourth-amendment rights were violated. The plaintiff claimed that a 'friend' shared his on-line postings with his government agency employer. The plaintiff claimed that the online pos...

• Word Count: 1200
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... all across the country. Maybe it should have never passed by the Supreme Court at all. Betts vs. Brady should have never been overturned and should have remained the common practice throughout the country. The Supreme Court overlooked many important factors in deciding Gideon vs. Wainwright. This case should have been just another case decided by the standard that Betts vs ... to provide, along with a lawyer, a private investigator, a psychiatrist, and bail payment. Other more sophisticated things would also have to be provided to criminals who were short on funds. Blood tests and DNA t...

• Word Count: 885
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: High School

... by randomly testing students in their schools. The majority of the drug testing going on around the nation involves students that take part in sports and other extracurricular activities. This practice exhibits a complete lack of fairness and trust towards young athletes. Drug use obviously does go on with high school students, but singling out athletes for a random drug test is not ... 23 million high schools and middle schools to receive a drug test before joining an extracurricular activity. This comes just seven years after schools were granted permission to take random urinalysis t...

• Word Count: 917
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: High School

... but testing only for recreational drugs, and at a very high cost, makes many disbelievers of the system. What exactly is the point of these tests? High school sports have become very competitive among many schools. It is often more than just a game, and athletes find themselves training in some ... Many supporters say that there objective is to "level the playing field." This is an understandable explanation, however the idea becomes ridiculous because the tests only screen for recreational drugs (marijuana, cocaine, amphetamines, etc.)and not steroids, or those that increase an athletes ...

• Word Count: 495
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: High School

... concern for many companies in the recent years. More companies are beginning to use it and more people are starting more to have problems with it. The tests are now more than ever seen as a way to stop the problems of drug abuse in the workplace. This brings up a very large question. ... For example a polygraph has been known to make mistakes so this cannot be the sole source of information. The procedure in which the tests are taken is a major concern. This decision went all the way to the Supreme Court. Samuel K. Skinner v. Railway Labor Executives Association found that urine ... ris...

• Word Count: 1159
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: High School

... up is to be a part of the ever growing internet community. You can do anything from chat with friends to research a history project to buy airline tickets online. At the moment, the Internet is the perfect example of our first amendment, free speech. It is a place where a person can speak their mind without being ... she can look at such sites without mom or dad one finding out. The second is to put time restrictions on when a child can get online. If a child can only get online during a time when at least one parent is home then the child will be less likely to look at something he is n...

• Word Count: 819
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: High School

... right as a citizens because of the13th and 14th amendments ( 1856 and 1868), but hatred and inequality could not be ratified as the constitution was. More laws were being made to practice the saying "we all equal under the eyes of the law". Yet, not one of laws were actually being followed, even in the supreme court. According to document F, racial profiling ... in public places and by employers, unions, and voting registrars. In 1965, Congress yet again passed another voting rights bill. The bill suspended use of literacy or other voter-qualification tests that had sometimes served to ...

• Word Count: 948
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: High School

... . Probably the biggest battle yet over the first amendment rights so far has been the Communications Decency Act or CDA. In March 1995 Senator Jim Exon introduces legislation to criminalize online publication of any material deemed "obscene, lascivious, filthy or indecent." This legislation was attached to a larger and popular Telecommunications Reform Bill. The Senate and the House voted to approve the ... too vague. With that loss, proponents of the CDA have vowed to bring new legislation. Another Bill that Was introduced into legislation is the Child Online Protection Act or COPA. In ...

• Word Count: 1060
• Approx Pages: 4

... . Probably the biggest battle yet over the first amendment rights so far has been the Communications Decency Act or CDA. In March 1995 Senator Jim Exon introduces legislation to criminalize online publication of any material deemed "obscene, lascivious, filthy or indecent." This legislation was attached to a larger and popular Telecommunications Reform Bill. The Senate and the House voted to approve the ... too vague. With that loss, proponents of the CDA have vowed to bring new legislation. Another Bill that was introduced into legislation is the Child Online Protection Act or COPA. In ...

• Word Count: 1060
• Approx Pages: 4

... recently took place at the White House about this subject. Several industry leaders and the government agreed to try to originate a variety of systems to block and regulate controversial online speech. Despite the Supreme Court these leaders are inching toward the dangerous and incorrect understanding that the Internet is like television and should be rated and/or censored. During this ... meeting many announcements took place. Netscape, a major online server, proclaimed their plans to join Microsoft, a major computer company, and adopt the Platform for Internet Content Selection (PICS)...

• Word Count: 657
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: High School

... to play football. The Vernonia School District has a policy that all students on a sports team must participate in a random drug testing. These tests would be taken at random to 10% of the team every week. Before these drug tests could be done, the student and the student's family had to sign a consent form that okayed the drug testing. When James brought this ... that students who voluntarily participate in school activities have reason to expect intrusions upon normal rights and privileges, including privacy. The court also saw that since the results of the tests were disclosed only t...

• Word Count: 951
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: High School

... of measures for restricting the rights of former slaves. These codes prevented African Americans from carry firearms, starting business, appearing on the streets after sunset, traveling without a permit, etc. Literacy tests required voters to take and pass a test in order to be able to vote. Most freedmen did not know how to write and read and therefore could not pass the ... tests. Poll taxes made every voter pay so that he/she could vote. Most freedmen were poor and therefore did not have any money to give for voting. The "grandfather clause" ... whose grandfather had voted before 1...

• Word Count: 630
• Approx Pages: 3

... themselves so if a student is doing such a thing, they should be punished by the school. Some people may argue that schools do not deserve the right to reprimand students for online misbehavior that happens off school campus because their the First Amendment is the freedom of speech. But, due to the precedents set in the Supreme Court Cases of Morse V. Frederick ... is being utilized according to the Supreme Court Case of Watts V. United States. Even though students' speech is limited, this is due to the recklessness teenagers tend to have while online. These limitations are in place fo...

• Word Count: 712
• Approx Pages: 3
• Has Bibliography

... to free speech on the internet and point to some of the problems with these views. I will then state why laws which prohibit people from using their first amendment rights online should not be passed. Freedom of speech and expression can be defined simply as: The right to express any opinion in public without censorship or restraint by the government, and ... 21st Century. Here are some interesting facts from www.ebusinesshelpsite.com: **"Dozens of e-mail messages telling Harvard University applicants whether they had been admitted never arrived last month after America Online interpret...

• Word Count: 592
• Approx Pages: 2
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... getting away with murder. Nearly 430 000 Americans die each year from smoking related diseases. An estimated 730 000 adolescent smokers will begin each year. (American Lung Association Fact Sheet. Online 1999) That should be an outrage to every American out there. Tobacco laws need to be stricter in this country and advertising of the product should be banned. Two major ... and sales. There needs to be more tougher penalties and fines for people who sell to minors or buy for minors. In another study done by the American Lung Association (Online, 1999) it says Thirty percent of teens tha...

• Word Count: 1233
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: High School

Constitution's Significance and Law in America The definition of constitution is the act or process of composing, setting up or establishing (Websters Dictionary online). When I think of constitution I think of our "founding father's", the ones who established our governemnt and function. I am reminded of why they came over here. I think of the Constitution as ... sick, and have extreme moral contradictions with it. As Im sure so did our Supreme Court justices. The Child Pornography Prevention Act of 1996 made it a federal crime to post online computer-generated child pornography. Now as hor...

• Word Count: 969
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: High School

... the Internet, as they demonstrate the epitome of pooling resources to benefit all of its users. "There are about 900 million files available to download from peer-to-peer networks online for free,"" according to the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). There is no possible way to have control of where the files go. So why would anyone try to ... control it now? Although P2P file sharing is highly despised by many artist, it is the most popular online activity. Fred Von Lohmann, legal representative of Morpheus , a popular P2P file-sharing program said, "The current way comp...

• Word Count: 867
• Approx Pages: 3
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... is the essence of the Bill of Rights which clearly makes it a guaranteed right. Internet users sometimes do not realize the amount of privacy that is lost when accessing the online world. While much of this information has been freely available in the past, the start of the internet has made it available more easily and quickly. But sadly, in many ... a way that it could cause damage to your career or very important stepping stones in your life. If the boss of a new job that you have privously applied for goes online to find out such personal information about you, they may decide that ...

• Word Count: 844
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... rulebook for other golfers. He also said the PGA will use the language in the decision to create a "framework" for handling future requests for rule exemptions from disabled golfers (CNN Online News Article. U.S. Supreme Court hears arguments in disabled golfer case ). PGA Commissioner Tim Finchem spoke in his State of the Tour Message: "This is an issue first and foremost about ... , PGA of America, not just the PGA TOUR, but those are the individuals in their own areas that should be the final determinator of the rules of the game." (CNN Online News Article. U.S. Supreme Court hears ar...

• Word Count: 1119
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: High School

"Constitutional Classification Tests" In the United States the Supreme Court, with its power of judicial review, may determine whether an act by the President, Congress, a national, state, or local administrative official, a state legislature, a ... the national government, reserves others to the states, and protects individuals from governmental invasion of their freedoms of religion, speech, press, and other rights. Likewise, The Court uses three separate tests "the rational basis test, the strict scrutiny test, and the heightened scrutiny test "to determine whether a classification is con...

• Word Count: 439
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... going to change. We need to be realistic, in Thernstrom's own words, "When we lower the standards for African-Americans to get in, we're perpetuating the worst stereotypes." Standardized tests are made for everyone, so how can they be unfair to one gender or race? In 1989 for example, colleges accepted 60 percent of African-American students who scored 1200 ... to 1249 on their SAT, as opposed to 12 percent of white students with equal scores. This proves that statistics are still being used as a "quota." These standardized tests, being an open competitive system, are the best protector...

• Word Count: 770
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: High School

... the last century euthanasia has become a widely debated issue within the United States. One reason a consensus cannot be formed is that no person or group can clearly define the practice of euthanasia. From the most conservative conservatives to the most liberal liberals, euthanasia has been described as everything from genocide to a miracle. State courts cannot collectively rule on the legal ... licensed to kill- not inadvertently or negligently but willfully, openly and compassionately?" (Schneiderman 581). Lawrence Schneiderman begins his essay, The Ethics of Euthanasia, with this st...

• Word Count: 1065
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: High School

... morally just. The statistics, however, point the opposite direction, indicating that capital punishment has little to no effect on the occurrence of crime and is a profoundly discriminatory and a morally conflicting practice. Americans are intimately concerned with crime rates and the safety within their communities. The most widely cited argument for the death penalty is the claim that it is an effective ... is being exposed as mere political puffery" (Murphy, 1995). The claim that deterrence of crime is an effect of the practice of capital punishment is simply statistically invalid. M...

• Word Count: 822
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: High School

... . At age nineteen, John was a popular lieutenant in a local militia. When the Continental army was formed, he joined serving with distinction. In August of 1780, he received his license to practice law and began his career. Marshall was elected in the House of Delegates in 1782. John Marshall was a very successful man in politics and law; he molded the development of ... the Constitution. Marshall made the Supreme Court stronger and increased the power of federal governments. Marshall held a variety of official positions within state and local governments; however, his law practice came ...

• Word Count: 922
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: High School