... 'universal'. Because it is called an 'imperative' and it is a command, not an option, for every action there is a universal rule based on morality of the action. In accordance with this in following parts of chapter 3 of GMM, Kant argues that the existence of morality implies the existence ... 's soul (Stent 2). The problem Kant struggles with in the Chapter 3 of GMM is how to make room for the ideas of human choice, reason, and deliberation in a world that we believe to be a world where every event is caused. In Chapter 2 of GMM, he argues in effect for the claim that ... K...

• Word Count: 1984
• Approx Pages: 8
• Grade Level: High School

... from people's responsibility to animals are discussed nowadays. These discussions address the highly sensitive and challenging issues of hunting wild animals, breeding farm animals to be used as food, and carrying out experiments on animals. The long and controversial history of human and animal relations does not suggest any easy solutions of the complex problems. Adopting absolute stances can only exacerbate them. The implementation of ... consistent policies and regulations on people's methods of using and handling different animals is the only realistic way to rationalize ... ...

• Word Count: 1313
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... radical resolve which is severely depending on science technology, deeply rooted in his soul is indefeasible to an extreme degree, helpless and unavoidable tomorrow is foreseen. Evaluating this originally objective technology, as a peculiar ability attached to human, it would obviously appear an ... brink of becoming acquainted, if cowardice or carelessness did not restrain our inquiries(Chapter 4)." The boldness for discovering unknown is the direct drive for him to propose this special project. And it is the point, his drive is too simple, not fully constructed ... I shall soon cease ...

• Word Count: 1916
• Approx Pages: 8
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... future that seems entirely plausible. In this particular short story, Forster depicts what he imagines would happen if all humans turned their back on physical contact and preferred only to be connect through a machine. The machine not only fulfilled human needs but had even begun to control people's thoughts. Eventually, " ... ". Will there be chaos or enlightenment? This short story was first published in 1909, when technology had just started to contribute to society, and E.M. Forster predicts the terrible consequences of technology. Forster's depiction of a society that is entirel...

• Word Count: 1647
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... understandable but it is not acceptable. The article which is written by Barclay Ballard talks about the opposing view; he is a freelance journalist. His article was published in Technology News and Analysis Magazine under BetaNews agency on February 2, 2015. The article's title is: "Could artificial intelligence really threaten human existence?" The opposing view consists of some reasons that they ... that might be a huge danger to the human life. Also, the reason which the opposing talks about moral and ethical principles, it is so far off to make a machine with ethics; however possib...

• Word Count: 1433
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography

... presents the reflection of human kind in some very irrelevant traditions. The comparison can be made between the present world and the fictional lottery and modern barbaric acts and rituals as sacrifice as method to achieve individual or societal goals. The creation of "The lottery" was triggered by ... corn during the next harvest period. Similarly, in the present farming practices where new technologies has enabled the use of tractors to farm and harvest, there are still some communal traditional practices that are strictly observed in some communities. In the present world, governmen...

• Word Count: 1254
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... , but understanding; in a willingness to go beyond the immoral, simplistic, and ignorant response of torture and seek, through logical and reasonable methods, to end the proliferation of drugs and the terrible pain they cause. The solutions are not in bullets, but books. Law results only in an inflation of ... both the monetary price of drugs and the social dangers resulting from their affects. Because drugs are illegal their cost ... is inflated to a level far beyond what their supply would normally dictate. Should drugs be legalized the prices would plummet and ... by an external cod...

• Word Count: 1372
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: High School

... , certainly the quality of life, one is forced to ask the churches - of all religious beliefs - "Where have you been on this issue?" And then, probably more importantly, "Where are you going to be, what part are you going to be playing?" In evaluation of different religious beliefs, ... especially desirable. The Dalai Lama addresses the matter of balance in the environment. Practically speaking, the Dalai Lama looks to science and education to make mankind aware of safe and unsafe environmental processes; we should make a special effort "to introduce ecology into the school curriculum" ...

• Word Count: 1393
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... to create complex, well-developed characters by examining the aspects and qualities of a character that coincide with the human psyche. Some people would classify Dostoevsky as a philosopher in pursuit for truth and reason, searching for solutions to even the most difficult problems of human and social existence. Crime and Punishment could be considered an allegory because Dostoevsky was not merely ... trying to write a fictional story with the sole purpose to inform readers about political and ethical themes. Vladimir Ermilov suggests that Dostoevsky was ... are not lost through trans...

• Word Count: 1662
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... would have first read the novel when it was first published. This can still bring shivers down the back of people's spines in this day and age. In Frankenstein', there is a lot more acts of inhumanity towards the monster' than that of the people around the monster'. Saying this ... creature is described near the beginning of chapter four of the first volume as one whose "yellow skin scarcely covered the work of muscles and arteries beneath- of one whose " hair was of a lustrous black, and flowing- of one who had "teeth of pearly whiteness and watery eyes that seemed almost of the ... his...

• Word Count: 1911
• Approx Pages: 8
• Grade Level: High School

... View of the Origin of a Universe that human life is a "farcical outcome of a chain of accidents" ... in "an over- whelmingly hostile universe ... and faces a future extinction... the more the universe seems comprehensible, the more it also seems pointless" (1977:155). This sort of proclamation is really not science, ... When Flew's falsifiability challenge to theism, made in 1955, is directed towards science itself, we find that scientism so rigs the methodology and criteria for truth that the meaning of falsifiability itself is reduced. The sterilization of symbolism in science results ...

• Word Count: 2403
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... the light. The whole function of education is not to put knowledge into the soul, but to bring out the best things that are latent in the soul, and to do so by directing it to the right objects. The problem of education, then, is to give it the right surrounding." -(Plato's Republic, Book ... members. The state was controlling all aspects of education. The great purpose of education at Sparta was to develop courage through test and trials which were sometimes almost barbarous. The one great draw-back of the system of education was that it developed courage ... and physique both at the ...

• Word Count: 2037
• Approx Pages: 8
• Grade Level: High School

... is defined as fleeting as a momentary feeling or as lingering as a state of being. Two great philosophers in history, John Stuart Mill and Aristotle created moral theories in an attempt to structuralize this thing called happiness. In the ensuing paragraphs, I will discuss their similar yet different ... wasted" (P. 25). Mill introduces "the Greatest Happiness principle", which explains that, "actions are right as they promote happiness and wrong as tend to produce the reverse of happiness[of the greatest number of people]," (P.11) which is centered around the utility of the ... communi...

• Word Count: 1346
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... article will briefly summarize some of the key environmental issues that scientists are currently studying. Greenhouse Effect This is a process in which gases in the Earth's atmosphere trap infrared radiation and thus influence climate. The greenhouse effect is not in itself harmful; on the contrary, it establishes a temperature that is hospitable to life. Without this effect, heat would escape ... colder than it is now. The atmospheric gases that produce the greenhouse effect include the naturally occurring substances water vapor, carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O)...

• Word Count: 1531
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... their composite forms. Euthanasia is defined as the intentional termination of a human life by a physician1. Euthanasia can be subdivided into active and passive euthanasia. Active euthanasia, also called mercy killings, is said to have occurred when the physician has actively done something to bring about ... death of a patient occurs from the doctor withholding or withdrawing treatment. An example of this is when a physician removes a feeding tube, and the patient dies sooner because of this. Physician-assisted suicide is said to have occurred when a physician aids an individual in his...

• Word Count: 1511
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... out that special consideration should not be given to any species; the principle should not be limited to humans. This suggestion by Singer has sparked some debates and certainly has a number of objections to it. Some might then ask, if animals eat each other, why can't we eat them? Another objection is ... Are we morally different? This is a very difficult question to answer. If there were some action that were going to be taken upon two people, and this action affected on person in a very negative way, but barely affected the other person, it would make sense not to perform the action....

• Word Count: 1425
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... obligates her to make the "enormous sacrifice which is necessary to preserve the conceptus[Warren]." Of course, this pretense assumes that fetuses possess life, which Warren reasons untrue, and those fetuses are "considerably less person-like than is the average mature mammal [Gazzaniga]" given their mental capacity, or lack thereof. On the other hand, Simpson's argument ... [the female] body]...but an organism [Simpson 6]." These claims persist in their solemnity, consistently asserting the possession of life each fetus possesses, why their lives are unquestionably human, and why "removi...

• Word Count: 1341
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... sentient being capable of many functions unique to humans. Though initially beast-like in concerning himself solely with his survival, the creature almost immediately develops human emotions, including compassion, envy, and anger. These emotions would contrast to the creature's expanding capacity for reason, locking the creature in a bout of inner turmoil exclusive to humanity. Ultimately, the creature would eventually ... sinned, knowing that the death of his creator marks the end of his chances for emotional bonding with another living being. As the creature develops his intellect, se...

• Word Count: 1509
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... explanation of human nature, Hobbes is then able to construct his argument that it is impossible for human beings to live in continual security and peace without an overarching authority to take dominion over what he coins as the commonwealth. His argument can be divided into three principle causes ... that lead to conflict: the unavoidable rise of competition amongst humans, the inherent diffidence or lack of trust in others, and the need to seek glory. To address the first part of his argument, it is necessary to understand Hobbes' reasoning that competition among ... far outweigh the...

• Word Count: 1514
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Graduate

... some risky situation. Taking a war for example, a soldier can have 50/50 chance of escaping death if he gives up his weapons and surrender. Additionally, one can escape death from serious accident injuries just by going to emergency room. Death is likely avoidable in some situations nonetheless ... could suddenly strike without warning. According to the reading "Socrates discusses death in his defense speech", Socrates compares death to the undisturbed nights and if a man couldn't really tell the difference from all the nights then death, as a matter of fact, was light like a feather. .....

• Word Count: 1631
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... , a new strain of bacteria or virus called a "super bug" has been created. This super bug is now immune to the antibiotics and now will flourish, eventually reaching humans. Once this happens, the job of the FDA is to protect the human race for malpractice on the behalf of ... the growing human health threats from the use of antibiotics in animal feed. Even then, they do not control situations that regard the human health and sometimes-even lives of people. The FDA has not made any actions against the over use of antibiotics for 35, this resulted in another chain ... reaction. The amount...

• Word Count: 1325
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography

... way from what it is believed to have once been. Especially when pertaining to the Neanderthal era. Cavemen were known to communicate through grunting, gesturing, and cave painting. Now, in this era, we use an innumerable amount of words to communicate. Words have always been the lifeline that we use in our ... something to each other, to learn or teach, to show or prove, to agree or reject, to ask or order, console, implore, show affection, and so on". Language is the highest form of thought expression. We use language in all of the facets of our daily lives. Communication is such ... i...

• Word Count: 1606
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... treated as second-class citizen. A black person in this period, because of the color of her skin, was not afforded equal treatment to white people and often times were treated worse than animals. The humiliation Maya felt due to these actions, made her cry inside. This, she thought, was additional pain ... , however, when she saw that it was a trashy white neighborhood the pain intensified. Maya also noticed the graveled roads were smoother, (p 388) and the looks of we are better than you she observed on the faces of the white children even though their neighborhood was not as upscale as ...

• Word Count: 1380
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: High School

... of altruism never helped, they would feel convicted within themselves. In the book, "Altruism: An Accident of Nature?", the author contends that humans and animals only carry out acts of altruism because they have a hidden agenda (Dingfelder, 44). In particular, we commit acts of kindness because we ... Side to Altruism," Jason Summers insists that altruism leads to idleness. However, this can't be so considering that every individual doesn't practice altruism and most people would either accept something or deny it for reasons of their own to make life easier. Practicing altruism always...

• Word Count: 1702
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... total. This is because the participants believe these cruel decisions are not their responsibility anymore. When there's no interaction between the participants and the victim, the level of obedience is higher than ever. In this experiment, the victim was out of sight of the subject. ... the experiment once the scientist said that they were free of responsibilities. Does human acquiescence to immoral behavior depend, however, upon certain conditions and upon certain, distinct situations, to bring out the immoral side of human nature? "There are no extraordinary men, just extraordinary ci...

• Word Count: 1755
• Approx Pages: 7