... one examines the issue of causation. Take the conquest of the Native Americans by the Spaniards about five hundred years ago. Why did this event come about? One might say that the Spaniards possessed more advanced technology in the form of better weapons such as guns and killer germs that the Indians had never seen before. Riding on exotic animals (to the ... be asked. What caused writing to develop in Spain? Why did writing not arise in the Inca empire? This process of analysis and discovery of proximate causes resulting from more ultimate causes forms the basis of Jared Diamond's book ...

• Word Count: 2029
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• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... to the scientific lifestyle is as susceptible to morality as all people are. They in fact, can be even more so susceptible because of the possible outcomes of their work. Cliff, for example, has possibly found a way to rid the world of a disease that claims so many lives. His work could lead to the eradication of cancer. Robin knows that her ... lives of millions. In "Copenhagen" Bohr even remind Heisenberg that the developer of the bomb for the US tormented himself for years afterwards. He was eaten away by the guilt and knowledge of the fact that he had been part of the deaths of so m...

• Word Count: 2064
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• Grade Level: High School

... developed). Sivaraska cites many of the same problems that plague Western culture and are responsible for the constant decay of the environment: Food is produced no longer driven by the need of the local people yet by market need. Fishing and agriculture is more dependent on machinery and chemicals, which deplete natural recources and pollute the ecosystem, then the efforts of an individual farmer. Yet, the ... view. The study of Judaism reveals a "millennial effort to foster a religious culture of self-restraint that intuitively respects the value and integrity of its natural environme...

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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... been classified as high-risk for the past 20 years (Consumer Reports, 2015). This shows that companies change the amount of pesticides that are put onto the items sometimes increased by large amounts based on the amount of produce is planted. As displayed in Figure 1 below, one could state that the amount of pesticides sprayed onto crops skyrocketed in 1981. The ... our food. Over the years corporate cattle farms have been putting antibiotics into the feed so that food-borne illnesses would be prevented; this medicine is poured into the feed by large amounts. Even though the original ba...

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... arbiter of what she actually wills. The outcome of this autonomous arbitration process is not capricious or random, but determined by the person's soul (Stent 2). The problem Kant struggles with in the Chapter 3 of GMM is how to make room for the ideas of human choice, reason, and deliberation in a world that we believe to be a world where every event is caused. In ... Chapter 2 of GMM, he argues in effect for the claim that if we have free will, if reason can motivate us, then we are bound by the CI. However the claim that we are bound ... 's view. "For other beings such as human being...

• Word Count: 1984
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• Grade Level: High School

... was wrong; according to what flimsy, abstract concept can one say that the ingestion of dangerous substances, in accordance with the personal determinations allowed by natural liberty, is immoral? Perhaps instead of brutalizing these people we should try to help them; steel bars, after all, cannot release a person from a painful addiction; they can only serve to raise the level of pain experienced ... by the imprisoned. Imagine what would happen if all the money spent for twenty year, thirty year, and lifetime prison sentences was di! verted towards education, prevention, and treatment....

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... is in fact the judge of perception. However, author Ray Jackendoff believes that the senses are constantly active and often fill in gaps that might be missing. Jackendoff notes that Aristotle neglected to discuss the idea that humans often add in concepts that may not be visible. It ... with brachial plexus block. The term phantom limb refers the sensory perception of an amputated limb without any pain. This term was coined by military surgeon Weir Mitchell. The article states that often when a patient has received regional anesthesia they have poor perception of the location of ... str...

• Word Count: 1463
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... life subjectively surpass themselves by utilizing science? In the novel, Frankenstein is exploiting:"Whence, I often asked myself, did the principle of life proceed? It was a bold question, and one which has ever been considered as a mystery; yet with how many things are we upon the brink of becoming acquainted, if cowardice or carelessness did not restrain our inquiries(Chapter 4)." The boldness ... then that I should survive to exhibit, what I shall soon cease to be--a miserable spectacle of wrecked humanity, pitiable to others, and intolerable to myself (Chapter 15)." As well as " I ...

• Word Count: 1916
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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... patients' natural right to die when they see fit. Government is created in societies to enforce rules and protect the public from being repressed of their rights. How exactly is a "right " defined? It can be summarized into a theory containing certain privileges and consequences created by tradition, law, and nature. These factors defining rights are easily flawed; tradition cannot be relied on because times change ... of life of the community as a whole. However, the values of many communities are different and change frequently. Nature is much more permanent. Jack Kevorkian, a physici...

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... in Europe could lead to a situation where mobile foraging strategies dominate. In such an environment populations of Neandertals and modern humans could avoid competition for scarce resources. A second model purports that Neandertals and modern humans were able to coexist by filling separate ecological niches. This could occur if each population primarily hunted particular game, or separate foraging preferences. ... Overlap of such niches would likely occur but to a limited degree. Both of the above-proposed models are difficult to support with the given bodies of evidence. However, Mel...

• Word Count: 1502
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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... is described near the beginning of chapter four of the first volume as one whose "yellow skin scarcely covered the work of muscles and arteries beneath- of one whose " hair was of a lustrous black, and flowing- of one who had "teeth of pearly whiteness and watery eyes that seemed almost of ... -Christ. In many ways Dracula is represented as the epitome of evil. In the end, he is defeated by holiness. Dracula uses many biblical references and shows a true resemblance between Dracula and anti-Christian beliefs. It is the use of religion which also brings more of a feel for humanity within...

• Word Count: 1911
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... science necessarily mean the abolition of religious "truths"? When Flew's falsifiability challenge to theism, made in 1955, is directed towards science itself, we find that scientism so rigs the methodology and criteria for truth that the meaning of falsifiability itself is reduced. The sterilization of symbolism in science results in a meager envisioning of reality that materializes whatever contemporary physics says is ... we attempt to say it. This receptivity to the surprises of reality is captured in Nick Herbert's quotation of DeWitt and Graham at the beginning of a chapter entitl...

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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... literally see, but they still are not able to see their fate, similar to the sky, which they cannot see. The main idea and conflict between humanity and nature throughout this work is that nature is indifferent to man, yet man is dependent upon nature to stay alive. Everything that occurs in ... of nature that the characters are not experiencing but are still able to observe. Nature is just living out its own course. It is unconcerned with humans and works independently of them. Nature will continue on its path no matter what the case. The opposite is true for humans. Everything humans ...

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• Grade Level: High School

... pay. A pediatrician earns about $156,000 a year where a radiologist or orthopedic surgeon can earn $315,000 a year. Cardiologists earn $314,000 and anesthesiologist who will make about $309,000, these are the highest earned doctors there are. The lowest paid are family practitioners that make $156,000 to $ ... answer was "Not at all, me being a vet you might think I would say yes but I know that doctors do a lot everyday and we do too but human life is more important than animal life. Even though one is more important they should still have the same appreciation of the ... Asthma with the...

• Word Count: 1933
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... us in some risky situation. Taking a war for example, a soldier can have 50/50 chance of escaping death if he gives up his weapons and surrender. Additionally, one can escape death from serious accident injuries just by going to emergency room. Death is likely avoidable in some situations nonetheless death could suddenly strike without warning. According to the reading "Socrates discusses ... death in his defense speech", Socrates compares death to the undisturbed nights and if a man couldn't really tell the difference from all the nights then ... , was light like a feather. From Socrat...

• Word Count: 1631
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• Grade Level: High School

... decide to either tell the truth or to consciously lie, however telling a lie could possibly prevent another person from physical harm, a selfless motive, and telling the truth could certainly bring someone in direct physical harm. While this situation is often the moral conundrum in several movies, for the purposes of ... be walking the streets ready to harm another person. This example of the CKA illustrates a father that nobly and selflessly risks his life in order to protect his children by lying to the gunman. The father did not know the consequences of his lie, however he felt that...

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... whole function of education is not to put knowledge into the soul, but to bring out the best things that are latent in the soul, and to do so by directing it to the right objects. The problem of education, then, is to give it the right surrounding." -(Plato's Republic, Book vii, ... one great draw-back of the system of education was that it developed courage and physique both at the neglect of mind and soul. Plato borrowed from Sparta the social aspect of education that it must be controlled by the state with a view to preparing citizens to find their place in society. ... Thus we find ...

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... , the human race as we know it will die. Therefore, if a fetus is born to be a child, and we are unable to bring new humans to earth, without having a person as a fetus first; then by all accounts, this may prove a fetus is a person. When Crake a former Pro-Choice advocate realizes this reality ... , it was too late. Life as he knew it, no longer existed. It was he and his friend Jimmy that were the only people here to ... what God used to provide to us. The further we parted from religion to live our lives without sacrifice, the closer we came to sacrificing and ending life. Small sacrif...

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• Grade Level: High School

... when he returns, he discovers how little he has learned with certainty" (Conder). The narrator does not reap the benefits of Adam's knowledge and believes his job has little significance in the grand scheme of life, he does not feel important thus creating his desire for death. In the ... in the poem, there is a darkness that looms as the narrator talks about winter. When discussing winter, the reader gets a feeling of darkness and the craving of an eternal sleep. The narrator is either exhausted from his work as an apple-gatherer or wishes for death. It is unclear what ... relates to th...

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... , we must exercise a natural faith. We have faith in natural laws such as gravity and inertia and assume that they will work the same way every day. If the universe were unpredictable and untrustworthy, chaos would reign and life as we know it would be impossible. We trust inanimate machines. By turning an ignition key, flipping on a light switch, boarding an aircraft, we exercise faith ... in machines. We trust vegetables and animals; we assume they will perform according to our past experience. We ... got to be what it is today. But I haven't had that special experience that provides ...

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... This rule implies that "the individual has the right not to have his or her life or safety unknowingly and unnecessarily endangered" and "the individual has a right not to be intentionally deceived by another, especially on matters about which the individual has the right to know" (Cavanagh pp. 401). These ... to the fact that such an egg can tentatively develop into a human being if implanted into a uterus (Fischer pp. 57). Severe deformities and unsafe statistics for this practice in scientific studies are high for the child, if it survived at all (Raeburn pp. 45). Many reject the ......

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... of racism as to be a doctrine called racialism. Racialism is the belief that there are different sets of races, which are established by groups of people sharing common, unique heritable characteristics. This leads to these groups becoming exclusive and not including other members of the species who do not share the common characteristics. These unique traits create the "racial essence" ... that it is the only factor that determines the pure fate of your race. When a family adopts a child of a different race it shows that they have no biological relatedness and different characteris...

• Word Count: 1282
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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... defined as fleeting as a momentary feeling or as lingering as a state of being. Two great philosophers in history, John Stuart Mill and Aristotle created moral theories in an attempt to structuralize this thing called happiness. In the ensuing paragraphs, I will discuss their similar yet ... utilitarian standpoint. His definition of happiness explains that, "by happiness is intended pleasure, and the absence of pain; by unhappiness, pain, and the privation of pleasure" (P. 11). Happiness can be achieved through the promotion of pleasure and the absence of pain for the greatest number of p...

• Word Count: 1346
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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... carry on with their busy lives. Most would agree that the moral thing to do is reach out and give if you ever had the chance. However, others may look at this opportunity in a different light by assuming that the beggar could be an impostor and actually be a multimillionaire who should give them money instead. Despite this view, altruism should motivate people to ... on one's life. When Rye decided to go to Kibera, he looked for opportunities to establish peace within the area by talking to leaders and mentors and seeking to develop organizations for the well-being of children. He was m...

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• Grade Level: High School

... story written by Kris Holloway about her experience while volunteering with the Young Peace Corp in Mali, Africa. The author was playing the role of an assistant to Monique, who was an excellent midwife in Namposella, a town commonly known for women giving birth on concrete slab and after a few ... the people within the region also encountered dissimilar problems such as inadequate food, flies were common making the incidences of malaria and intestinal parasites to increase and cases of AIDS were always increasing. Consequently, the book review will draw attentions on dissimilar themes ...

• Word Count: 1541
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• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate