... to mend its ways. Less than two weeks after taking office, Truman met with the Soviet Foreign minister, Vyacheslav Molotov at the White House. The President proceeded to give Molotov a thorough dressing down over soviet behaviour in Eastern Europe, where the Communist take-over was well on ... the world sizeable elements were seriously considering the virtues of communism, for few wanted a return to the failed capitalism of the pre-war era." (Isaacs & Downing, Transworld Publishers, 1998. Pg. 39) As the great depression was classed as a cause of World War II and as the depression was cau...

• Word Count: 3123
• Approx Pages: 12
• Grade Level: High School

... University to the USAID and for participating financially in the businesses they were sent to Russia to set-up and advise. Soviet and Russian specialist author Anne Williamson, commented on the government that: "its great that the Justice Department has brought this suit against Hay, Shleifer and Harvard, ... do not exist in Russia, the legal system remains anti-business and no businessman can count on a legal system that upholds contracts. The theft of Western aid, as we have seen by Shleifer, Hay and the HIID, and by state-favoured gangsters is only further proof that a corrupt govern...

• Word Count: 3517
• Approx Pages: 14
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... , their goodness and simplicity magically protected from the witch's brew of politics and revolution. But their leaders are captives in a world of fearful transformations "where the Circe of awareness turns pigs into men. Orwell should be fortunate of his past in some ways because, with out the memories, he may not have become an author. His troubled times in his early school years, and ... the other difficulties he had to endure, all helped his career rise. His books will be remembered for years to come, and he will continue to be recognized for all of his works, from political animal f...

• Word Count: 1175
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• Grade Level: High School

... ? This is a western, individualistic way of thinking, but it makes sense. One of the replies to the article (which can be found at http://home.eol.ca/~smithda/exeden/communistemail.html, as there seems to be no startup page for this website), an e-mail by Chris Irwin, takes a different approach to the subject of "monetary equality." "You [the author of "FAQ"] claim that through lack ... of incentives (money) that people will not work [as hard] as the person who is lax gets the same," argues Irwin. "While a good suggestion at first ... glance, when dwelving (sic) into this, I feel that m...

• Word Count: 1396
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: High School

... political crimes or demonstrated signs of unacceptable views. These political prisoners were called "enemies of the people." Alexandr Solzhenitsyn was a Russian novelist, historian, former prisoner of the Gulag and critic of Soviet totalitarianism. He helped to raise awareness of the Gulag and the Soviet Union's forced labor camps system. Author of "One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich," Solzhenitsyn ... uses the text to describe the work camps as a microcosm of the society of the USSR during the mid 20th century. Soviet ... society during that time lacked elementary human rights, inc...

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... Denisovich by Alexander Solzhenitsyn may be used to perfectly compliment the author's controversial speech, entitled A World Split Apart. Both works underline the strong theme of freedom, ultimately providing a strong argument that the greatest amount of personal freedom exists only when coupled with responsibility and obligations. In other words, in order to be truly free, one must learn to appreciate and ... (Speech 4). The degradation of society to which he refers cannot be denied even by the most loyal patriots this land has to offer in her defense. In a relatively abrupt change from...

• Word Count: 1061
• Approx Pages: 4
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... and relinquish all offensive ammunitions to the U.S.S.R. The message was the first of many in a chain of direct and indirect correspondence amid the White House and the Kremlin during the course of the conclusion of the contingency. Kennedy furthermore used national television that night in order to update the citizens of the unraveling intensification in Cuba, his judgment to institute and administer a ... from Cuba if the United States promised not to invade the island" (The Cuban Missile Crisis). As the White House staff rushed to evaluate the legitimacy of this proposition, Khrushche...

• Word Count: 2157
• Approx Pages: 9
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... some people did illegitimate work, which made the public security worse. The lack of resource caused the shortage of military supply, so the morale of the troops was sinking lower. Famine made people even more anger with the Tsar, they need a leader to help them overthrow the rule of the House of Romanov. After the First World War, the revolution exploded, the depressive people ... To generate 1917 revolution, there was still a big factor, the revolution of 1905. In 1905, Russian exploded the social turmoil events, including the strike, incident of violent and peasant upraising. All of th...

• Word Count: 1245
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• Has Bibliography

... ships and start a war with the Soviet Union. Many other countries around the war would then have been involved in this war because of the alliances the United States had with NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) and alliances the Soviets had with the Warsaw Pact. Secondly, after ... stop the spread of nuclear weapons in other countries. This led to removal of nuclear weapons in Turkey that United States had and caused no more issues over placement of nuclear weapons. A telecommunication line was installed from the White House to Moscow which allowed the leaders of both countries to ...

• Word Count: 604
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• Has Bibliography

... Liddy and James W. Mccord were convicted for the Watergate burglary in January 1973. On October of 1972, Washington Post reported that FBI believed it was part of a political savage created by Nixon's campaign. In January of 1973 Gordon Mccord was convicted along with other White House staff soon after. Later it emerged that Nixon had always recorded everything in his office since ... burglary, he won a major landslide against George S. McGovern. Unfortunately, the following month an eighteen minute gap was found in the recorded tapes implicating the President. In July of 1974 the House...

• Word Count: 1158
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... his views on the Russian Revolution, George Orwell satirizes and represents individuals and events in history in his dystopian novel Animal Farm. The use of allegory can be viewed as a simpler and easier approach to clearly conveying the author's intended messages. Historical events can be put into another context in an allegory, making the event much more appealing. Old Major's speech alludes ... to Karl Marx's surplus theory of communism. His speech was about his dream of an animal paradise where the farm animals are free from the tyrannical rule ... he was trying to critique were cl...

• Word Count: 849
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... and more than 26,000 guns and mortars. On the 23rd if August 1942, German aircraft flew over 2,000 sorties, dropping thousands of bombs on the city of Stalingrad. During this bombing about 40 thousand people died, and 150 thousand injured. When the Russian military decided to evacuate the city, over ... when the 6th army was slowly being starved to death, a fake radio broadcast from the heart of battle was sent to the public. It told of how they were holding out and slowly taking Stalingrad house by house. When the 6th army surrendered, the public couldn't believe that they lost, morale ...

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• Grade Level: High School

... and scaring people into following them. One prime example is Joseph Stalin. Stalin used any means necessary, including death, to achieve his goals of becoming a leader. Joseph Stalin considered himself God, and believed that all the people were inferior to him, just as God himself is reflected in ... into believing every thing he said. His word was law. Every infraction was punishable by death or concentration camps. At any moment in time, one of Stalin's men could take you away and your family would never see you again. Yet if anybody asked about Stalin, he would get praises and ... pe...

• Word Count: 591
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• Grade Level: High School

... well as the younger, more attractive women of the camp. Considering the fact that the German soldiers were usually surrounded by men, anyone who could satisfy their sexual urges were made sure not to die. In the illustrated book "Maus", the author describes his experiences in Auschwitz and how ... he was able to survive. As a goldsmith who was trained in crafting intricate jewelry, he bribed prison officials with his handicraft in order to maintain a more comfortable living atmosphere. His skill kept him alive, well fed, and sheltered from the other prisoners, who might have killed him o...

• Word Count: 1163
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• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... Moscow and Smolensk and they began their attack with a massive artillery bombardment which caught the Russians by surprise and within the first 48 hours of the campaign the Luftwaffe had destroyed 2000 Russian aircraft, handing air superiority over to the Germans. Three Army Groups were put in place. ... in September 1942, was the most bloodthirsty battle during the invasion of the USSR. The city became the symbolic crux of the entire war. The two great armies fought hand-to-hand, street-to-street and house-to-house. The Germans again moved in too fast not waiting to receive sufficient ....

• Word Count: 1134
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• Grade Level: High School

... States Treasury, so too, it wields undeniable power over executive policy decisions. This made détente an even more attractive proposition for both the president and Congress. One of the great advantages of détente policy, which was a welcome reprieve to the administration as well as liberal Democrats, was the probable reduction in military spending due to the arms reduction treaties ... clear that the two countries' differences could be worked out based on their mutual commonalities and needs. For example, both nations desperately needed a financial reprieve from the skyrocketing costs...

• Word Count: 3059
• Approx Pages: 12
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... , and Martov. He assumed the identity of a man named Trotsky who was one of the colleagues of his in the Siberian jail he was being held in. He also befriended the editors of the Iskar which is a magazine of theirs where he wrote as an author. In the end, he became a ... renowned writer and the best in that newspaper. General causes of the Russian Revolution Poverty In order to understand Trotsky's role ... in the Russian revolution in the year 1917, perhaps an insight into the causes of the Russian revolution would shed light upon some of ... revolutionary war at that, is the only thi...

• Word Count: 3845
• Approx Pages: 15
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... from her sister Mary. Under her, England managed to avoid a crippling Spanish invasion. Elizabeth was also able to prevent the outbreak of a religious or civil war on English soil. She was the first and last female monarch from the House of Tudor to rule as a protestant queen; she reigned for almost 45 years, during a period marked by increases in English power ... . When their influence began in the early 15th century, much of the glorious period of the Renaissance in Florence lay already in the past; however, the magnificence and liberality of many of the members of the house, who were...

• Word Count: 1158
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• Grade Level: High School

... the obvious civil rights breach that was "The House of Un-American Activities Activities" caused massive distress on the political, social, and economic status in America. Their pleas of corruption and conspiracy led to the paralysis of independent thought and the welcomed beginning of mass conformity. Throughout the Red Scare, the political landscape of the nation changed drastically. Hundreds were caught up in ... warfare. The economy thrived during this period due to the long term thinking of the everyday consumer, and domestic companies and American industries expanded due to foreig...

• Word Count: 1414
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... hard-liners, who included many top government officials, staged a coup in August, placing Gorbachev under house arrest, but within three days the reformers had restored Gorbachev to power. He immediately resigned as Communist party general se! cretary, suspended party activities, and placed reformers in charge of the military and KGB. After allowing Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania to become independent republics. Nationalist forces ... mainly hard-line Communists and nationalists. On October 4 Rutskoy and Khasbulatov surrendered. In February 1994 they were granted amnesty by the lower ho...

• Word Count: 3016
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• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... Party in Russia. Gorbachev inherited by his predecessors a stagnant economy and a "well fed" bureaucracy. Moreover, he was called to face a population that had learned to live in fear of the government and that didn't trust the government's promises and actions. As Gorbachev was gaining power quickly in the Party, he introduced some radical reforms that he believed would benefit ... from free-market reformers, and from nationalists and secessionists seeking independence for their republics. The hard-liners, who included many top government officials, staged a coup in August, placing Gor...

• Word Count: 1341
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• Grade Level: High School

... re enter Prague to regain her journals which entail her everyday former life with her husband and their various holidays. The journals stay locked away in the chest of drawers under the prying eyes of her mother. These memories are the connection Tamina has to her identity. The longer they remain locked away from her the harder it is to remember her ... husbands face and the life she had. The Russians sought to do the same to the people of Czechloslovakia in order to make them forget who they were. Kundera comments on the campaign as follows: "200 Czech writers have been proscribed, inc...

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... those privileges that he is getting, and he slowly becomes human as the book progresses. All this is an allegory to Russian Revolution. All of the characters of the farm have a special role in Russian Revolution. The farm itself represents Russia, with its poor conditions and unjust leaders. Napoleon resembles ... with Snowball, and the 5th commandment finding its way to "No animal shall drink alcohol to excess" when the pigs stumble across a large supply of alcohol in the house. In the final chapter, the Seven Commandments are modified to form only one rule - "ALL ANIMALS ARE EQUAL, BUT...

• Word Count: 1541
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• Grade Level: High School

... the foundation for a civilized Russian society. Her first contribution toward forming an enlightened nation was to create a system of hospitals. Catherine funded the Town Hospital at St. Petersburg, the St. Petersburg House for Lunatics, and the Foundling Hospital; as well, she popularized vaccinations. The Empress donated money to fund the Town Hospital at St. Petersburg, where poor were admitted without ... payment (Kochan 26). Upon admittance, they were shaved, bathed, and put in tidy dress. The hospital consisted of 300 well spread beds with curtains and a ... professor of electric...

• Word Count: 1123
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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... speaks from experience after pulling Soviet troops out 20 years ago after a decade-long fight, believes it will be hard for the US because of their long history with Afghanistan. "We had hoped America would abide by the agreement that we reached that Afghanistan should be a neutral, democratic ... said they supported this, but at the same time they were training militants -- the same ones who today are terrorizing Afghanistan and more and more of Pakistan." The US first armed Islamist fighters during the Cold War and is now fighting against them. Gorbachev questions, "But what's the alter...

• Word Count: 493
• Approx Pages: 2
• Has Bibliography