... Museum where they were subjected to abuse. These allegations did not surface for weeks but eventually came forth in an Amnesty International report (Amin). Female protestors were beaten, given electric shocks, strip-searched, threatened with prostitution charges, and forced to submit to "virginity checks." At that time, ... weren't virgins in the first place. None of them were virgins" (Amin). Salwa Hosseini, a 20-year old hairdresser who was among the 17 female protestors arrested offered her account in the Amnesty report. She described how uniformed soldiers tied her up, forced her to...

• Word Count: 1063
• Approx Pages: 4
• Has Bibliography

... by achieving the difficult act of penetrating a circumcised women (Perry, 1998)." In communities where a person's place in society is determined by lineage traced through fathers, female circumcision reduces the uncertainty surrounding paternity by discouraging or preventing women's sexual activity outside of marriage. Although the societies that practice circumcision vary in many ways, most girls receive ... direct involvement. The following approaches are typical: -Community education; in which volunteer nurses and midwives, trained local health workers to teach individuals about the ...

• Word Count: 2909
• Approx Pages: 12
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... many more male gang members than females (and police may have been more likely to arrest males than females). Drug offenses are among the most common offenses committed by female gang members. Female dealers, who were often addicts themselves, frequently obtained their stock of heroin form their own suppliers and occasionally from relatives. A few females began to deal drugs when their ... on the streets. The number of immigrants is increasing in Latino communities, and immigrant gangs are forming in a number of cities. A study compared Mexican American, immigrant Salvadoran, and Africa...

• Word Count: 2737
• Approx Pages: 11
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... space of understanding between these two women that allows Ramatoulaye to reflect upon the oppressive forces in her life and begin to understand her own identity. Bâ uses this female friendship and exclusively feminine space to critique the romantic relationships in Ramatoulaye and Aissatou's lives, which shows how men cannot possibly relate to the issues these women face. ... from the inequalities and wrongdoings Ramatoulaye and Aissatou face, their friendship also helps them recognize their oppression and pushes them to challenge the forces that subjugate them. The strong female solid...

• Word Count: 1849
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... . This essay will demonstrate and examine how the selected works of Sylvia Plath, Diane Di Prima, and Suzanne Collins, challenge the standard depiction of the twentieth century's female gender roles by defying the patriarchal belief of women's domestic position within society. Sylvia Plath became known as a feminist writer through her poems that exposed patriarchal oppression. ... bravery as she illegally passes her district's boundaries in order to hunt and provide for her family. "Katniss' character is represented as possessing masculine and feminine characteristics; her female body ma...

• Word Count: 2160
• Approx Pages: 9
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... abusive relationships such as sexual assault, substance abuse treatment, health care services, academic and vocational education and parenting skills. The lack of addressing the special needs of female offenders is a predictor for recidivism. Research demonstrates that criminal behavior can be reliably predicted when the predictions are based upon objective, empirically based assessment instruments. Summary ... Prior studies exploring recidivism have documented specific inmate characteristics. Yet, female recidivism has not acquired as much attention as have studies of male recidivism. F...

• Word Count: 1540
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... the practices entail damage to or removal of healthy tissues. Yet, for most people, the term "mutilation- connotes purposeful harm and is tantamount to an allegation of evil intent. Female circumcision, however, incongruously parallels the practice to male circumcision, a practice generally considered nonmutilating. Thus, trivializing the amount of pain and damage brought on by the procedure, placing it ... patriarchal values. This is something no one could change overnight. Thus, gradual changes with in the culture must take place. This includes, but is not limited to, the banning of f...

• Word Count: 4279
• Approx Pages: 17
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... in this sort of society unless she has undergone the proper procedure. This is what their society expects of them. It's a tradition, which has been practiced for 2,000 years. Although female circumcision is a traditional practice worldwide (performed in countries such as; Bahrain, Oman, Indonesia, Malaysia, Togo, Uganda, Zaire, Sudan, Tanzania, Somalia, Ivory, Niger, Nigeria, Mauritania, Mali, Kenya, Ethiopia, Gambia ... as the belief that if a baby's head touches the clitoris that the baby will die or the breast milk will be poisonous. 4. The belief that an uncircumcised female cannot ...

• Word Count: 1534
• Approx Pages: 6

... in this sort of society unless she has undergone the proper procedure. This is what their society expects of them. It's a tradition, which has been practiced for 2,000 years. Although female circumcision is a traditional practice worldwide (performed in countries such as; Bahrain, Oman, Indonesia, Malaysia, Togo, Uganda, Zaire, Sudan, Tanzania, Somalia, Ivory, Niger, Nigeria, Mauritania, Mali, Kenya, Ethiopia, Gambia ... as the belief that if a baby's head touches the clitoris that the baby will die or the breast milk will be poisonous. 4. The belief that an uncircumcised female cannot ...

• Word Count: 1525
• Approx Pages: 6

... women shared child-rearing responsibilities. They depended on the elderly women who ran plantation nurseries, midwives, nurses who mixed folk and contemporary medical techniques to heal the sick, and other female relatives and friends to provide food, clothing, and supervision. Communal motherhood helped slaves cope with one of the most difficult of predicaments "who would provide maternal care for a ... were subject to many uncertainties. Because white men and women could and did make cruel and life-threatening decisions, their power and influence not only shaped the nature of male-fema...

• Word Count: 2427
• Approx Pages: 10

... that member of your family has started to sew your vagina closed. Finally you lose consciousness because the pain is so unbearable. You have just been subjected to female circumcision. Although female circumcision may be performed during infancy, during adolescence or even during a woman's first pregnancy, " the procedure is usually carried out on girls between the ages ... any sexual pleasure for the woman circumcised. The procedure is often used for social and cultural control of a woman's sexuality. There are four main reasons for performing female circumcision. Reason one being "fem...

• Word Count: 1285
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... rite of passage preparing young girls for womanhood and marriage. Often performed without anesthetic under septic conditions by lay practitioners with little or no knowledge of human anatomy or medicine, female circumcision can cause death or permanent health problems as well as severe pain. Despite these grave risks, its practitioners look on it as an integral part of their cultural and ... challenged with meeting African women's health needs, as they are barraged with a debate about the ethics and politics of circumcision. There are significant medical sequelae and public health ramif...

• Word Count: 1858
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... was not enough evidence concluding that there was serious injury that was being projected on the victim. Pregnant inmates are at risk because if one female inmate wanted to report a guard for aggressive force it would not go far since evidence might be lost due to guards. Even other evidence ... women are in federal and state prison (pg.125)." In the article, Improving Pregnancy Outcome during Imprisonment: A Model Residential Care Program, explains how female become incarcerated and for what reason. More than half of the population of incarcerated females are from drug use. They are most...

• Word Count: 2132
• Approx Pages: 9
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... achieve a specific health goal. When Title IX came about in 1972, it mandated equal access for sport participation for males and females. With the installation of this law, female participation in sports dramatically increased, reluctantly decreasing drug use and pregnancy. Although Title IX has contributed positively in some aspects, psychological problems increased dramatically for these athletes. As Laframboise ... states in a study of the female athlete triad, "Western society has placed a strong emphasis on ultra-thinness as the ideal body shape and size for females. To maintain t...

• Word Count: 1570
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... matter how old he or she might be, and it is shameful to be isolate from one's age-mates through lack of this experience . Female operators do it on girls and male operators on boys ". (Mbiti, 1993) There usually aren't any anesthetics used during the FGM procedure. The ... Places such as Indonesia have "professionals " who perform FGM in schools, government hospitals, and private practices. Although they use clean tools and the female is under anesthesia there are still health issues the victims go through. Just because you have "professionals " do the procedure, doesn't mean that it ....

• Word Count: 2075
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... 477). Gerty gains a sense of satisfaction during the sexual encounter shared between both her and Bloom. This moment also demonstrates Joyce's radical views of female sexuality. The female orgasm has always been seen as a taboo for many years. If a woman experienced any type of sexual encounter outside of marriage, the criticism ... she would receive would certainly be different from that which a man may endure. Here the hypocrisy of the opposing views towards both male and female sexuality becomes present. After Gerty seduces Bloom and allows him to masturbate in front of her, "She glan...

• Word Count: 1374
• Approx Pages: 5

... - exposed its company-wide discriminatory practices and policies. Although the Supreme Court ruled in favor of Walmart, the company still invested resources to ensure that female employees are treated with equality. With improvements in place, Walmart took a step forward to showcase these improvements in its annual report to counter the bad ... . In the blue box to the right of the page, under the title "Mexico", is a short sentence about the number of female associates at Walmart Mexico who completed its Taking the Stage program. In another blue box in the center middle of the page, un...

• Word Count: 896
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... has always been consigned to child-rearing and sex.(Monagan, 2010) Many societies' women are dependent on men and for this reason their compliance is deemed necessary which further perpetuates female genital mutilation as necessary for control. Genital mutilation has been represented as enhancing fertility, promotes purity, increases marriage opportunities a way to control HIV. The idea of controlling women ... this practice however in some communities is still done today. Recent reports that this was being done to young girls in California have been reported. Action against female genit...

• Word Count: 803
• Approx Pages: 3
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... the past, women offenders were portrayed as hysterical, irrational and incapable of being fully responsible for her actions and crimes due to her biology and sex. The earlier theories on female crime made women the target of outrageous studies concerned only with their sexuality. Unlike male studies in which male criminals are seen as a threatening force with which to be reckoned ... violence are controlled, girls are more likely than boys to be assigned to psychiatric units rather than correctional facilities.(rouncefield) The more current theories look at the sociological explanations...

• Word Count: 1233
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... contracting, and blood pressure, heart rate and respiratory rate climb higher. Women frequently report sensations of tingling in the spine, brain and genital areas (Freeing the Female Orgasm, 2). When discussing the female orgasm, Masters and Johnson continually stress that it is a psychophysiological experience, where the body reflects physically the subjective sensations radiating throughout the individual. Masters and ... Johnson broke the psychological experience of female orgasm down into three stages. The first is characterized by a feeling of suspension for a brief moment followed...

• Word Count: 1298
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... leaving a small opening for urine and menstrual blood to pass through. The labia majora is opened by her husband before the first time they have sex. The fourth type of female genital mutilation involves no surgery, sometimes a knife stimulates the clitoris during ceremonies, other types include burning and poking the clitoris, or ripping the vagina. In Australian aborigine tribes, the vagina ... is cut before puberty to enlarge it. There are many consequences for female genital mutilation including psychological effects, weakened sexual desire, infection and in some cases even death. W...

• Word Count: 566
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... England also used it and the United Sates as recently as the 1940s and 1950s to "treat" hysteria, lesbianism, masturbation, and other so called female deviancies. FGM is one of the traditional rituals that prepare girls for womanhood, although the age at which it is practiced varies widely. In ... circumcision, in which the foreskin is cut off from the tip of the penis without damaging the organ itself. The degree of cutting in female circumcision is anatomically much more extensive. The male equivalent of clitoridectomy, in which all or part of the clitoris is removed, would be the ... ...

• Word Count: 2699
• Approx Pages: 11
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... by the ability to reason and by considerateness and caring. Many women would depict themselves as a thoughtful being, merely by its definition. However, thoughtfulness is thinking - a necessary condition of female friendship - thinking considerateness/considerate thinking. Raymond says that most women are trained to perform thoughtfulness task, which she described as "going into robot- and "emotional labor-. These tasks are extended ... to the lives of men and children. If women wanted to incorporate a strong female friendship in their lives, they would have to affirm that thinking is a...

• Word Count: 938
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: High School

... that theories developed to describe the misbehavior of working-class male youth fail to capture the full concept of delinquency in America; and are inadequate when it comes to explaining female misbehavior and official reactions to girls" deviance. Specifically, delinquent behavior involves a range of activities far broader than those committed by the "stereotypical" street gang. Also, many ... These findings strongly suggest that official practices tend to exaggerate the role played by status offenses in girls" delinquency. The Delinquency Theory, being that it has virtually ignored fema...

• Word Count: 1850
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... The aunt scheduled her for the circumcision and she ran with 3,000 dollars that one of her aunts had saved. What is female circumcision? The female genital mutilation term covers three main varieties of genital mutilation (2). There is the "sunna circumcision"; this consists of removal of the ... clitoris. Ironically, sunna in Arabic means "tradition". This is done because it is believed that the clitoris is a very dangerous part of the female anatomy. In our culture, Freud stated in his book, Sexuality and the Psychology of Love, that the "elimination of clitoral sexuality is a ... Ign...

• Word Count: 1701
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School