... such factors as (1) court rulings on what types of activities are considered ''preferential treatment" and (2) whether federal law requires the continuation of certain programs. The measure provides exceptions to the ban on preferential treatment when necessary for any of the following reasons: To keep the state or local governments eligible to receive money from the federal government. To comply with a court order ... savings in employment and contracting programs that could total tens of millions of dollars each year. Public Schools and Community Colleges The measure also could affect ...

• Word Count: 1999
• Approx Pages: 8
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... tax revenue in California by $3 billion a year (Fernet.) The second step is to reduce prison sentences for minor drug crimes and end California's Three Strike sentencing law. Proposition 47, a measure that downgrades minor felony charges to misdemeanors, has been largely successful in California. It is directly responsible for the release of 2,923 people from custody (Spring, 5.) However, it does not reach far enough ... . Prop 47 only applies to immediate convictions. Those who served a second strike sentence have difficulty downgrading first time felonies through re-sentencing under thi...

• Word Count: 1862
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... young children, or that they are too long (in Massachusetts they can take thirteen to seventeen hours) or too tough or simply not good enough" (Schrag, 19). Teachers are asking for a different measure of progress here is California. "Sacramento is where the California's largest teachers' union, already battling to make textbook selection part of labor negotiations, is pushing a plan to dismantle the ... testing system the state uses to measure student progress" (Gledhill). The measure would end the state's STAR testing program and replace it with a student achievement selected by teacher...

• Word Count: 1821
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography

... the "alien invasion" (Cahn 167) and save the state. This invasion had cost the state $5 billion a year for welfare, medical, and educational benefits. They also felt that the federal government had not taken care of its responsibilities in securing the borders and this measure was necessary to send a message to Washington. Opponents pointed to Plyer v. Doe (1982), which ruled that denying ... the issue actually racists? Prop. 187 targets illegal immigrants, a specific designation of law breaking individuals, and not a specific race. To insinuate that this measure is simply a white vs. H...

• Word Count: 2233
• Approx Pages: 9
• Grade Level: High School

... contractors are prohibited from discriminating in employment on the basis or race, color, creed, national origin, and gender and must take affirmative action to guarantee that individuals are considered for, and treated in employment without regard to those factors. Reagan took office determined to correct the abuses, both potential and real, which are inherent in affirmative action. Reagan ... convince voters that affirmative action programs should continue. To preserve affirmative action measures, NAACP leaders created a coalition named Floridians Representing Equality and Equity, or F...

• Word Count: 2248
• Approx Pages: 9
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... tests cannot produce a full picture of where any particular student may be overall in their academic development. These tests can only measure a small part of a subject area or a limited range of abilities. Multiple-choice math tests, for example, are not good for assessing whether or not students can reason with math and apply that knowledge to real-world problems. Because of the increasing ... of race, religion, sex, or other factors. These have nothing to do with the content of the test and can drastically affect test scores. Criterion-Referenced Tests Criterion-referenced tests measur...

• Word Count: 1852
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: High School

... catch up with the number of complaints that have been received in various branches.     In 1995, the California division of Citibank decided to implement a new performance scorecard to measure more efficiently the performance of various divisions within the company and how those performances aligned with the strategic goals of the division. Since performance scorecards were filled out by the ... , exceeding expectations every single year. But when customer satisfaction was included as a decision parameter, it was evident that James did not fare very well on that front. The new criteria ...

• Word Count: 1838
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... , 1998 was predicted all along. Proposition 227, also known as the anti-bilingual education measure, won in 61% favorable to 39% unfavorable contest. In a seemingly routine contest, the proposition brought out one of the most disparaging groups of supporters and critics, displaying passion for their causes in rallies, forums, debates and TV ads. This paper examines proposition 227 ... in California. The biggest critics of proposition 227 are teachers. They claim that the premise of Proposition 227 epitomizes ignorance. First example is a clause in the measure that allows maximum of a yea...

• Word Count: 1546
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... committing these crimes are wrong and deserve punishment; however, is 25 years to life a reasonable punishment (in addition to whatever they were sentenced for the first 2 crimes)? Criminals often plea bargain their first two convictions. Plea bargains have become the overwhelming choice of prosecutors nowadays. The backlog ... convicts should serve no less than 100 percent of their sentences as a get-tough-on-crime measure. The bill also would require prisoners to be under community supervision for at least 25 percent of their prison time after they are released. Wisconsin prisoners wou...

• Word Count: 2497
• Approx Pages: 10
• Grade Level: High School

... Party. Later the Republican party also favored excluding slavery from the new territories. C. The Walker Tariff. Introduced by Robert J. Walker, a former Democratic senator from Mississippi, this tariff measure in 1846, would bring about a moderate lowering of many rates. Representatives from Northern manufacturing states found they were outvoted: Westerners had deserted protectionism in the hope of opening foreign markets ... Mexican recognition of the Rio Grande as the border between Texas and the U.S. 2. American forgiveness of the claims by US citizens against the Mexican Government. ...

• Word Count: 2101
• Approx Pages: 8
• Grade Level: High School

... where there will be casualties, from not having water supply, electric power, food and possible injuries. How are the states of California and Oregon prepared for a major catastrophe like "The Big One" on San Andreas Fault? If this major earthquake takes places what could be some precautions the community ... due to poor and old architecture. The states of Oregon and California need to propose a law declaring that no structure higher than the suggested measure by people who are in the field are not to be build on top of the San Andreas Fault or any area that may be affected ... an enorm...

• Word Count: 1650
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Graduate

... other countries have also discovered and benefited from this drug. India, Persia, Assyria, Greece, Africa, South America, Turkey, and Egypt all have a recorded history of using marijuana for medical purposes ("Disease Categories 1"). The Nineteenth Century was a period of the modern discovery of marijuana. Many physicians from this time conducted various experiments to observe the medical effectiveness ... smoking marijuana. It also treated manic and depressive disorders ("Cannabis Vault 6"). Doctor Roger Adams and Todd Mikuriya were able to rehabilitate numerous alcoholics by substitut...

• Word Count: 1613
• Approx Pages: 6

... is narrowed down, variables such as price, desirable qualities, and health take priority. Finally, the buyer can select an impeccable specimen and hope for the best. Foreign sperm is shipped from other countries, just like cars and other material items. Annually, sperm banks profit a heinous two-billion ... similar note, sperm donation often leads the child to feel as if they do not measure up to expectations. The fact that they were paid for, selected out of thousands of donor profiles, and chosen for certain desirable qualities all set up an expectation of excellence. But what if he/sh...

• Word Count: 1712
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... those people that are off welfare successful in holding jobs and earning a decent living? It is difficult to measure the success of welfare reform in that aspect, but there is promising statistical information. The unemployment rate for single mothers had been stuck at around 43% for most of the 1980s and early 1990s. After reform, the rate fell to 28% by 1999. The ... system, single mothers and their children that met the income requirements could count on receiving cash aid and other benefits. Under welfare reform, it is much harder to become eligible for benefits. For example, in Cal...

• Word Count: 1547
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... Resources Board 2000. Risk Reduction Plan to Reduce Particulate Matter Emissions from Diesel-Fueled Engines. CARB Mobile Source Division October 2000) "Overall emissions from diesel engines are responsible for the majority of the potential airborne cancer risks in California." (California Environmental Protection Agency ARB October 2000 fact sheet) At first agriculturalist opposed the regulations based upon the argument ... 19kw (G2 cycle). In 1998 because there was no standardized method for measuring methane in diesel engine exhaust, the EPA is allowing manufactures to use their own met...

• Word Count: 2433
• Approx Pages: 10

... a twice-convicted kidnapper who was released on parole after serving half a 16-year prison sentence. Outraged voters approved a ballot measure that said criminals with two serious or violent felonies on their records must serve a 25-year to life term for their next crime. In November 1995, Leandro Andrade, an Army veteran and heroin addict, was arrested leaving a Southern California Kmart ... violation of the 8th Amendment, which says, "Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted." Misdemeanors can be the basis for an ind...

• Word Count: 2028
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... steer the behavior of the criminals. Punishment must be immediate, consistent and tied to a specific behavior. Corporal punishment is imposing of physical injury on someone convicted of committing a crime for the purpose of deferring future crime. Corporal punishments should be allowed in the crimes such as drugs offences, rape and attempted rape, kidnapping, firearms offences, attempted murder, causing grievous injury ... get satisfaction when the wrongdoer is punished. As Arthur Levlyveld notes, "satisfaction is heightening when it becomes possible to measure out punishment in exact pr...

• Word Count: 1521
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Affirmative Action Term Paper "Progress was all right; only it went on too long." -James Thurber When the Civil Rights Act of 1964 was passed Affirmative Action was a necessary measure to promote equality in society. In those trying times minorities and women were legitimately discriminated against. A lot has changed since 1964. Women and minorities now hold positions of power ... Service Commission was established from The Equal Opportunity Act of 1972 to review and approve equal opportunity plans and to monitor the progress of federal agencies in achieving equal opportunities for women and ...

• Word Count: 2465
• Approx Pages: 10
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... why proposition 209 has drastically affected California one must first understand affirmative action. Affirmative action was born of the civil rights movements about three decades ago, affirmative action called for minorities and women to be given special consideration in employment, education and contracting decisions. After the United States Congress passed the Civil Rights Act in 1964, certain items ... in the work force and higher education institutes has declined since California voters approved proposition 209. Studies have shown that there is a large decrease. The 1996 voter-appro...

• Word Count: 1910
• Approx Pages: 8
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... Another astonishing statistic centers on special education teacher certification. About 9% of all special education teachers are teaching with a temporary certificate. But the national numbers don't even measure up to those in some states. In California, 36% of special education teachers are uncertified. However the statistics of special education teacher certification come as no surprise to ... of stress experienced by special educators in relation to their job responsibilities. The teachers encounter stresses such as tiring paperwork, extensive time spent in meetings, limited opportunit...

• Word Count: 1484
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Undergraduate