... licensing laws kept pubs closed for longer but this is slowly being reversed. Controversies in the Addictive Field , Ruth C. Engs, Editor Back to table of contents | Copyright Page Home Page | Article List | Questionnaires | Books | Search this site | Health Hints | Resume Introduction As a researcher and educator who has investigated drinking patterns for almost twenty years, I have become deeply concerned over increased ... is to tolerant of differing viewpoints and to assure that all sides have an open forum for presentation. As neutral editor for this book, I have strived for compl...

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... strengthened the "registration requirements for handguns and other restricted weapons..." . The purpose of the 1977 leglislation was to reduce the availability of firearms, on the assumption that there is a "positive relationship between availability and use". In Robert J. Mundt's study, when compared with the United States, ... of firearms is more likely to impact on those violent incidents that would not have happened had a weapon been at hand"(152). In an article by Gary A. Mauser of the Simon Fraser University in British Columbia, he places special emphasis on the attitudes towards...

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... one must work, acquire food and clothing, and obtain a culturally acceptable amount of education. Because the hierarchy in our society is based primarily on monetary and vocational achievements, and rites of passage no longer play a role in the determination of an individuals social standing, the rite of ... . Some rites of passage, e.g. birth, marriage, and funeral rites, still exist which change one's social position, but their performance varies depending on people's spiritual beliefs. Because contemporary rites of passage have become extremely personalized, there really can be no cul...

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... apparent. Edith Eaton hoped to effect a change by means of her pen. To be the pioneer in bridging the Occident and the Orient. However, the last article she published, less than a year before her death on April 7, 1914, was still a plea for the acceptance of working-class Chinese in America. She asserted that many former laundrymen become college graduates and influential people ... race" as a category in American thought. Like Howells, Sui Sin Far demands in fiction a truthful depiction of Americans; her rewriting, however, represents an adaptation of mainstream realism because it focuse...

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... the book of Deuteronomy, Israelites were forbidden to marry the Hittites, Canaanites and Girgashites. This has often been used to support contemporary bans on interracial or intercultural marriages. • Koran The number of legitimate wives is limited to four. • Christian Marriages were first offered only ... Netherlands became the first country in the modern world to offer legal marriage to same-sex couples on April 1, 2001. These are full legal marriage licenses. [Please see our article: • Belgium became the second country in the modern world to offer legal marriage to same-sex ... ...

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... theory that gender identity developed after birth. As a result doctors practicing in these fields have performed thousands of sex reassignment surgeries in the United States since the 1960's. An article written in 1997 by Dr. Milton Diamond from the University of Hawaii detailed the failure of a sex reassignment surgery performed by Dr. Money. (Kipnis) This, coupled with the ... . Hormones, in addition to dictating physical development, also organize the brain to bias an individual for future male-typical or female-typical behaviors, for example, laboratory experiments on mammals have el...

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... of American Indians. Locally, in a school district not too far from the university here in La Crosse, there is a case in point. In an article that was published in the La Crosse Tribune on Saturday, November 1, reporters Matt Johnson and Tim Hundt reported about a school play that is currently being protested in the Viroqua School District, in Viroqua, Wisconsin ... about the value of their own cultural identity as a result of their interactions with the dominant group. Although the focus of much multicultural education policy has been on cultural preservation rather than on language, th...

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... are poised to consider erasing the world's longest undefended border - Slowly, Canada delineates into the suburb of America. Slowly[,] both societies become symmetrical, and Canada becomes more and more dependant on the United States. According to Statistic's Canada, 87.4% of Canada's exports go to the U.S. - a number upwards of $474 billion. Canada's floundering identity is slowly diluting and ... Nation?. Canadian's eat American fast food, watch American produced movies, drive American cars and read American magazines. This total immersion in an alternate culture has had a devastating...

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... Initiation. "The drums incessant beat became lost amidst a seemingly resonant symphony of voices... an enchantingly mysterious tone lead me through into another reality, a dreamtime landscape of the shamanic underworld. Perched on a cliff, my `being' perceived the luminous valley expanding out before me. Suddenly aware of a presence to my right, I turned and confronted the eyes and beak of an eagle... so ... contribute to peace and wellbeing, both personal and global. Sources: - (1) Alicia Allen & Dennis Dutton - co-editors of Shaman's Drum magazine. Issue No 11. (2) Brant Secunda - Art...

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... new country as they lived and worked together. They had many reasons for leaving their homeland. They were being repressed by the British rule and had no land to farm on. To make matters worse, famine devastated India from 1899 to 1902. Thus, large-scale ! immigration began in 1906, when six hundred Asians applied to enter the United States (Millis 32 ... ). In San Francisco East Indians own or lease more than 50 hotels, forming the second largest Indian community group in America. Most of the hotel owners are from Gujarat, a state on the west coast of India (48). East Indians have been ...

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... to the middle of the continent, covering most of what is now Canada and the area in the Pacific Northwest from Alaska to Tacoma. On the eastern half of the continent, the ice covered the area to about the middle of where New York is today. Diverse environmental conditions ... arrived long before the glaciation of North America. The animals that migrated to this continent adapted to their new surroundings. Many of the animals living on the continent were herbivorous and extremely large compared to the present fauna. These huge, plant eating animals are called the mega fauna. Some of ... of...

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... with them an African slave and came upon a Native American tribe in their travels. The tribe interacted with enslaved Africans and African Americans in a multitude of ways. Early on in the Europeans settlement, Native Americans were enslaved alongside Africans and often worked with indentured laborers as well. Since both races had no form of civilized religion, white Europeans believed ... of the Cherokee Nation, called for an emergency election to make a few intentional changes to the constitution in response to the ruling. After a petition was circulated, a special election held on Mar...

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... the trickster. Another common feature of Native American traditions is creation myths. "In these imaginative stories, no distinctions are made among gods, spirits, the universe, nature, animals, and human beings. On the contrary, the stories imply a close mystical relationship binding each element (p.64 Nigosian)." Although the Native Americans had several types of creation stories, "the two most common themes are those ... in those, our darkest days." It was obvious that a militant religion could not have survived under white dominance. The formation of this religion was a response to t...

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... a struggle that made Canadian political culture complex and difficult to define, a struggle that prevented a clear-cut British or American definition of politics from emerging." This paper will focus on the evolution of Canadian independence, first examining the historical background starting in the 18th century, then secondly the movement toward self-government, thirdly the confederation, then finally, the movement ... did not represent a permanent change in British colonial policy regarding representative institutions. The American War of Independence which was occurring at this time w...

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... child that is born in Colombia. This disgraceful process of changing ideas about oneself to be replaced by ideas from a hegemonic state is called transculturation. (Spitta 3). Colombian transculturation has occurred on two levels: Colombians believe they are responsible for the drug consumption in the United States and they blame themselves for the violence the country suffers because of it. Paisas, being ... often can't. Ofelia Schutte states, "The inauthenticity of the [Latin American] individual lies in being a 'bad copy' (mala copia)- (95). The failure of Paisas to meet these "standar...

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... Americans is tied to the conquest of the wilderness and its transformation into an Edenic garden - The wild and dark area with the natives on the left contrasts with the right side of the painting, a light and open area occupied by the white Americans, which represents the " ... paradise regained - in which civilization inoffensively progresses with its locomotives, steamboats and buildings. On the lower right-hand corner is a road, which winds along and seems to lead to a busy manufactory, with the smoke of its chimneys ... freight to the West. The big American railroad lines (Union and ...

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... will be addressing professional athletes as a whole, and not addressing each particular league, although I will be utilizing examples from the independent leagues. My position on the subject of whether or not athletes deserve to have such high wages is that they do deserve all that they make. I realize that I tend ... the biggest in North America and the focal points of this industry are the athletes themselves. They are the reason that 70 000 fans gather on Sundays to NFL games. They are the reason you see people of all shapes, sizes, ethnicity's, and financial levels wearing merchandise...

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... Canada, 2004). Furthermore, in 2001, major Canadian law enforcement agencies seized close to 1.4 million marijuana plants, a six-fold increase since 1993 (Statistic Canada, 2004). Based on the seizures and average yield per plant, the current annual production is estimated to be about 800 tones (Statistics Canada, 2004). Two primary factors contributing to the persistence and ... possession, consumption, and distribution of alcohol did during America's Prohibition Era. THE PUNISHMENT AND PREVENTION OF CRIME There are many strategies to prevent crimes, such as installing lights on city s...

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... all affairs concerning this land. These concepts of providence go back even before Jackson and Monroe though. Was it not the seeds of Manifest Destiny that first landed Leif Erikson on our American shores? Was it not this concept of expansionism that brought Christopher Columbus 300 years later? What of the Pilgrims and original colonists? Though unnamed, manifest destiny has ... themselves must submit themselves to a greater nation or people that can do the job for them. Therefore, a civilized people like the settlers have a right and obligation even to force civilization on people li...

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... made up of several kinds of cells: adipose (fatty tissue), stroma (connective tissue), and the epithelium that forms milk-producing glands. Breast size depends on heredity and body weight. A common misconception is that the larger the breast the greater the risk for breast cancer. VERY UNTRUE. There is not ... of developing breast cancer. There are 2 such genes called "BRCA1" and "BRCA2". Men can also carry this mutated gene and then pass it on to their offspring. Women who have inherited the BRCA1 gene generally have many cases of breast and ovary cancer in their extended families and ha...

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... say all African-Americans are lazy, African Immigrants that come in contact with African-Americans may sometimes believe this stereotype is true just based on their interaction with one person. Some people may think Africans and African-Americans are alike or the same because of their similar skin color ... two groups is how they view each other's home countries. In America, we may be watching our favorite TV show when a commercial comes on. Often times we see commercials showing starving black children in Africa with tiny bones and big bellies who are extremely malnourished. Then a Cauc...

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... winter, when outdoor sports that involved animals didn't come in to play, colonists, found other means of entertainment. They danced, played cards, and sang. There wasn't too much of this on though, because religious leaders shunned dancing, singing, and gambling. Some other winter recreation involved ice skating, sledding, and sleighing. One of the most important traditions that settlers brought from their ... of disease. Some of the common killers were malaria, tuberculosis, diphtheria, yellow fever, scarlet fever, and smallpox. These diseases were caught through air born germs. Althou...

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... . "These contrasting portraits of mid-seventeenth-century warfare powerfully convey the turmoil that the forces of economic change, ecological transformation, and epidemic diseases created-and the constraints those forces placed on Native Americans trying to come to terms with their new world." The general history of early colonial North America from the Indian perspective looks like that of a history that would ... al about how to better the European settlers. They had no concerns for the original inhabitants. "Native people were irrevocably opposed to English interests, and they belong...

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... the educational system within high schools, colleges and universities, after which I am going to cover government and technology, concluding this paper with a discussion on religion. I am going to finish this paper with an overview of what I have learned. First of all I would like to say couple words ... the government is trying to interfere with their right of free expression. Government involvement in the individual's life will be discussed later on in this paper. Once high school is completed the student chooses which college or university to attend for next couple of years. Choosing ...

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... and the United States was home to two hundred and sixty million people. (McMillion, 1999: 2) NAFTA creates a free trade area between these people. The terms of the agreement were decided on in order to: Promote free competition Eliminate barriers in order to exchange goods and services Increase investment opportunities Protect patents and copyrights Establish a way to fairly settle disputes between countries ... safety standards by opening U.S. roads to trucks and drivers who do not meet U.S. minimum safety standards." United States trucks cannot exceed a weight limit of eighty thousand...

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