I also found it interesting to learn about self-esteem. Self-esteem deals with one's self-worth. ... I always assumed that most women lived lives with low self-esteem due to the discrimination that they endured. ... Most people I know are very hard on themselves and have barely any self-esteem whatsoever. ... In the humanistic approach, I learned about self-fulfillment and self-esteem, and how that affects one's personality- though I disagree with a few of the approaches stated in the self-esteem section. ...

• Word Count: 1290
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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Children who experience corporal punishment are likely to suffer from issues such as low self-esteem, depression, and anti-social behavior (Straus 52). ... If the child continues to be physically abused, they begin to feel helpless and worthless, which causes low-self esteem (Child Discipline). The child's low-self esteem causes them to exhibit anti-social behavior, where relating with other children becomes a problem. ... The anti-social behavior and low-self esteem is a result among children exposed to corporal punishment, and these psychological issues follow them into adulthood. A...

• Word Count: 1335
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• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Maslow's theory labels five categories of human needs: physiological, safety, love, esteem, and self-actualization. ... Esteem is the next need in hierarchy. ... The meeting of esteem needs is met through very complex communicative acts. ... The final step in Maslow's theory is self-actualization. Self-actualization is the notion that one can reach their ma...

• Word Count: 1987
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• Grade Level: High School

A survey done by the University of Salford in the UK shows that half of the 298 participants, who are all social media users, say that social networking sites made their self-esteem worse (Gummow). ... This can usually fuel or crush an individual's self-esteem. ... Sherrie Campbell, a psychotherapist, explains that there are seven telltale signs that social media could be negatively impacting a teen's self-esteem: Social media disrupts real-world thoughts and interactions, social media affects one's mood, real-life interactions are difficult and being alone is uncomfortable, one...

• Word Count: 1452
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• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Naturally I recognize that this is not normal, however, instead of communicating with those around me how I was feeling, I proceeded to go to the internet to self-diagnosis. ... This self-diagnosis confused me due to the fact that I always thought that depression was not real, in the sense that it was something made up by a person to stop them from being productive, and this confusion leads to my eagerness in what is depression? ... " (7) Depression brings nothing but self -loathing, hopelessness, and helplessness to you in every aspect of life making you unable to find joy in anything, n...

• Word Count: 2277
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• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Girls tended to ruminate more and evaluate themselves more negatively, ergo, their self-esteem and self-worth showed to be lowered as a cause of their own academic underestimation. ... The implication of this as explained by psychologist Susan Harte is that girls' belief in their lack of competency will continue to lower their self-worth as well as make them more prone to having depression. ... At this stage, it is highly recommended that in schools teachers can shift their attention more to encouraging females' work so that their self-esteem could be just as boosted as that of boys....

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Personality also refers to the pattern of thoughts, feelings, social adjustments, and behaviours repeatedly demonstrated over time that strongly influences one's expectations, self-perceptions, values, and attitudes. ... This five-stage model can be divided into fundamental necessities (e.g. physiological, safety, love and belonging, and esteem) and growth needs (self-actualization). ... Every person is capable and has the desire to move up the pyramid to accomplish a level of 'self-actualization'. ... Maslow noted that on average, only one in a hundred people are able to becom...

• Word Count: 2016
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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

In a study conducted by Greenwald, Spangenberg, Pratkanis and Eskanazi, (1991) subjects were tested to see if the invention of self-help audio tapes really worked. ... One tape supposedly improved memory and the other self-esteem. However, the experiment was conducted so that those with the memory tapes actually had messages to promote self-esteem and vice versa. ... Result showed subjects actually improved in both memory and self-esteem tests, regardless of what tape they were given, and just participating in a study of this nature was the reason, not the subliminal messages. ...

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Maslow introduced the hierarchy of needs that looked beyond air, food, water, and sex and included physiological needs, needs for safety and security, needs for love and belonging, the needs for esteem, and finally self-actualization (Boeree, 2006). ... Our pursuit of self-actualization is fulfilled through personal and social growth that affects our self-esteem. ... Both the cognitive and social-cognitive theory provide for an individual's ability to exercise self-control and exhibit behaviors through choice. ... Humanistic theories also provided important concepts through the idea ...

• Word Count: 1432
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• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

They are taught how to relay the message to resist negative social pressures to diet, overeat, or engage in other unhealthy behaviors through the development of self-esteem and skills such as assertiveness, decision-making, and communication. ... , which stands for "Giving Our Girls Inspiration & Resources for Lasting Self-Esteem." ...

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One important way that creativity can positively affect lives is by helping treat mental illness in art therapy, by affecting the brain (neuroscience) in creative process and how that would be beneficial to patients having mental disorder, by providing patients an emotional outlet and by promoting self-esteem thus aid patients going back to society. ... Frida Kahlo (1907-1954) was a painter best known for her self-portrait. ... Any medium of self-portrait can allow patients to know more about themselves, accepting oneself. ...

• Word Count: 2430
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• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Psychological factors are things like perceived health status, self-esteem, self-motivation and how that individual defines health. ... Perceived self-efficacy refers to a person's judgment about their capability to organize and carry out a plan of action. "Self-efficacy is not concerned with skill one has but with judgments of what one can do with whatever skills one possesses"" (Pender et al., 2011, p. 53). If the individual has high self-efficacy then he or she will likely have fewer perceived barriers to changing behavior. According to Pender (2011), "The most powerful input to self-e...

• Word Count: 1296
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• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

They think that physical exercise is not only a recreational activity but can also help the children be more self-disciplined and build up confidence. Eilin Ekeland, a member of Cochrane Developmental, Psychosocial and Learning Problems Group, argues that "Exercise has positive short-term effects on self-confidence in children and young people. Exercise may be an important measure in improving children's self-esteem and perseverance". ... Thus during training, young athletes become more self-confident and more tenacious. However, critics of this view argue that to build up children'...

• Word Count: 1348
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• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Humanistic Theories Humanistic Perspective The focus of the Humanistic perspective is on the self, which translates into "You-, and "your- perception of "your- experiences (Humanistic, 2001). ... Issues dealing with self-esteem, self-fulfillment, and needs are supreme. ... In Rogers's view, every person possesses a drive toward self-actualization, the fulfillment of one's greatest potential. ...

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Overcontrolling, overprotective, intolerant, dominant, and intrusive parental behaviors are in turn associated with adolescent depression, an external locus of control, lower levels of competence, low self-esteem, and learned helplessness (Finkelstein, Donenberg and Martinovich, 2001). ... These children are observed to have low self-control and self-reliance, show little initiative, and are very immature (Neal and Frick-Horbury, 2001). ...

• Word Count: 1308
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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

This type of focus can bring about what is known as a "Change of State", whereby the meditator can shift from one mental, and subsequently, physical state to another, providing a kind of mental holiday or break, which could be a vital first-aid response in times of great anxiety, panic, stress, pain or discomfort, and which is a useful skill for general self-management. The second type is called 'Prajna', which is a broadening of focus, whereby the meditator provides themselves with a space and opportunity for self-reflective investigation, and through which they can esta...

• Word Count: 1755
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• Grade Level: Graduate

Social categorisation was seen as a fixed and stable cognitive tool which not only regulates the individual's social world but also offers a means for self reference through which individuals create and define their place in society. ... Individuals identify with their in group to bolster their self esteem and attempt to achieve a positive self-concept as this identification can positive or negative dependent on the evaluations of one's own group along specific value-laden attributes. ... They created intergroup behaviour without competition for scarce resources or any social inter...

• Word Count: 2377
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• Grade Level: Graduate

This led to the presentation of the hierarchy of needs by Abraham Maslow which states that biological needs must be met before progressing to a higher level of self-actualization needs (Brain, 2008). . This notion originated with the Ancient Greek philosopher Socrates who stated that people should have a sense of self and learn how to think for themselves (Hothersall, 2010). ... Maslow's hierarchy of needs can improve one's self esteem motivating them to make social contributions to the community and society they live in (Mcleod, 2007). ...

• Word Count: 1620
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• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The group size, the individual's familiarity with the subject, and the individual's personality (i.e. low self-esteem) can all affect the choice to conform. ... These influences combined with the conditions of the group (the group size, having to voice your own response, or self doubt about the situation) will be key factors in the chosen behavior. ... All of us, not just teenagers faced with peer pressure, find ourselves in social situations where our own self knowledge about the situation is in direct conflict with a larger group. ...

• Word Count: 1693
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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Some of the behavioral characteristics include inattentive, impulsive, hyperactive, aggressive behavior, low self esteem, poor concentration, sensation-seeking behavior, and inconsistent behavior (Flick 1998). ... It doesn't improve academic performance, doesn't build self confidence, and doesn't help a child become responsible for their actions. ... This includes teaching sensible thinking, avoiding the impulsive thinking, directing their actions, and avoiding the feelings of incompetence, and poor self image. ...

• Word Count: 1429
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• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

It stops them from feeling guilty and helps protect self-esteem. ... Friske (2004) stated that self-report measures such as questionnaires are more precise when obtaining external attitudes rather than internal attitudes. ...

• Word Count: 1527
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• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Heterosexism: A Psychological Disorder In today's society, it is common practice to make use of derogative slang when concerning the homosexual community. Slang terms such as "fag" and "homo" are often used to refer to odd or effeminate people. In fact, in a culture where racial slurs and bigot...

• Word Count: 1827
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

WORK ORGANIZATIONS Group Directed Study Fall 2003 Book Title: The Joy of Not Working. A book for the retired, unemployed, and overworked. Author: Ernie J. Zelinski When pondering the age-old question, "Why do we work?" If I were to ask twenty co-workers the question, there wo...

• Word Count: 1340
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• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

Gein had a difficult time in making self-reliant decisions. ... Augusta refused any questioning which discouraged open communication and esteem development. ... In this particular phase the child learn to exercise will, make choices, and utilize self-control. ... This tactic surfaces to protect the ego by easing self-reprehension and distress (Cook, Joan). ...

• Word Count: 1929
• Approx Pages: 8
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Toni Morrison's book, "The Bluest Eye," is not a book for the lighthearted. The book contains the emotions of sadness, depression, yearning, anger, and hatred of one's own body. These feelings manifest themselves in the characters of this book, forcing many of these characters to the brink of their ...

• Word Count: 1567
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School