... the Universe, W. H. Freeman and Company, United States of America. Written by Joseph Silk, The Big Bang describes in a sophisticated yet detailed way human understanding of the universe with emphasis on the astronomical discoveries prior to its publication back in 1980. The book gradually explains recent discoveries in this field of physics providing definitions of the technical terms and is intended for senior ... consulted. Resource 4 Kerrad, Robin, 1993, The Universe and How it Works, The Five Miles Press, Australia. This encyclopaedia brings together in a single volume a wealth of i...

• Word Count: 1483
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... and female roles _ stories cover sacred and public activities _ often not gender-specific until translated into English _ different versions of the same story common _ stories provide children with a detailed map of their country _ Aboriginal Spirituality and its inextricable (can not be separated) Connection to the Land _ natural world provides a link between the people and the Dreaming _ ... extinct _ Aboriginal identity and self- esteem difficult to maintain _ complex religious and cultural practises broke down _ tribal law and authority break down _ eg, Kevin Gilbert in his book Liv...

• Word Count: 2422
• Approx Pages: 10
• Grade Level: High School

... necessary to consider current water use and its impacts. Water in Australia (Ingle Smith, 1998) attempts to solve questions such as Who uses what', where and how much?' and presents research and figures in reviewing the use of water. The 1987 survey together with Ingle Smith's (1998) research, ... that something must be done now to ensure ongoing sustainability. The outcome has been a reduction in the per-capita use of domestic water. Detailed surveys of how domestic water is used have been conducted in recent times and published in many resource handbooks including Water-Saving Strateg...

• Word Count: 2299
• Approx Pages: 9

... be a white nation so it looked to Britain for help. Britain having economic and social problems after the war supported the idea. The Empire Settlement Act was passed in 1922 where both governments joined to provide funds for the immigration program. Between 1921 and 1924 over 300 000 British immigrants came to Australia. 35000 European immigrants also came to Australia but ... ...

• Word Count: 1606
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... into the ocean, containing substantial amounts of damaging nutrients. However, local policies have been implemented which ensures solids from sewage is removed and the remaining substance is chlorinated. Nutrients are produced for terrestrial purposes and therefore only disrupt the natural marine processes, often leaving irreversible damage. High levels of nutrients particularly nitrogen and phosphorus, can cause eutrophication, which ... settlement space and increasing sedimentation. An additional concern for water quality is the amount of sedimentation that is carried into the coastal ...

• Word Count: 1526
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... agreement which would serve all colonies. Matters of common interest such as railway gauges and postal and telegraph services could also benefit from central government authority. Immigration was another matter where cooperation was needed. Thousands of Chinese were coming to Australia in search for gold. Australians were afraid that cheap Chinese labor would lower Australian workers living standards and both ... general public and helped to form federal leagues in some country towns. The central body the Australian Federation League of Sydney and Victorian Australian Natives Association...

• Word Count: 1831
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... fears were realized in December 1941 when Japan attacked Pearl Harbor, the Philippines, and Malaya. By this time most of an Australian division had been deployed to help defend Malaya, where more than 18,000 Australian soldiers were killed, wounded, or captured. Those captured suffered terribly, with about a third dying in captivity. On 7 December 1941, the Japanese launched a devastating surprise attack ... ...

• Word Count: 1961
• Approx Pages: 8
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... on. Many Aborigines tried to strop the taking over of their land and were consequently killed by the British. The Aborigines natural resources were destroyed and it got to a point where Aboriginal groups could no longer continue with their traditional hunting and gathering ways. In some areas farmers took matters into their own hands and formed violent groups against the Aborigines ... ...

• Word Count: 1376
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... Loss Account. Disclosure, which was previously in the notes to the financial statements, can now appear on the face of the statement. Adam-Smith (2001) adds, that a more detailed income and expense breakdown is required, therefore summarising expenses by either function or nature. In addition, Adam-Smith (2001) points out that if revenue from the sale of goods is ... , Curtis (2001) adds that the concept of errors and fundamental errors were also introduced, together with specific rules applying where errors were acknowledged. Curtis (2001) explains this standard sets out disclosure that ...

• Word Count: 1998
• Approx Pages: 8
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... establishment of a judicial umpire to regulate the constitutional relationship between the two levels of government. This is reflected in the Australian Constitution where sections 71 to 80 establish the role, basic structure, and jurisdiction of the High Court of Australia. Section 74 indicates clearly that ... are that the High Court has decided upon is a reason that many people question the role and decisions of the High Court. The appointment of new High Court Justices can be controversial. The Justices of the High Court have become seen as powerful political figures. Upon each appo...

• Word Count: 1774
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... Australian culture to life in the early chapters of Fly Away Peter. His idea that Australia was a young but patriotic nation in 1914, when the book was set, is seen when he introduces a minor character, a young girl in chapter 6, which in many ways, reflects the ordinary people within that ... fills the streets of Brisbane affects Jim and persuades him to drop his passion for bird watching and go fight the war, which through the book the reader certainly knows will not suit his particular character. Malouf expresses negative concern and further enhances his view making references to the ...

• Word Count: 1358
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... issue of common awareness, seeping through every aspect of the media into every common household. Although the terminology itself is becoming a familiar phrase, the ramifications of this destructive disease are neither being presented nor explained to the general public. A mere glance of interest towards this agriculturally injurious epidemic reveals many layers of concern that not only affect those individuals ... Previously within Europe, and countries that rely on Europe for meat and dairy products, there existed an equilibrium of supply and demand. This equilibrium can easily be exp...

• Word Count: 2361
• Approx Pages: 9
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... suicide, and for males aged 15-24, 25 percent of all recorded deaths are by suicide: three times the rate of thirty years ago (ABS: 1997). There are two major leads in regard to the cause of suicide as a whole. Depression is broadly recognised as the medical cause, where the problem is seen as belonging to the individual. Under this model, the illness ... consequence of belonging to a modern, technological society such as ours, is the increased social pressure to excel. These high expectations have been cultivated with help from the media. Suicidal people are often over achievers, who s...

• Word Count: 2317
• Approx Pages: 9
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... still winning awards today is because the themes and ideas that the novel raises are still relevant today. They include reconciliation, sense of community, belonging and diversity. Reconciliation is one of the major ideas posed in the book. Britain established its colony at Sydney Cove on 26 January 1788; many Aboriginal people ... , he is prompting Quick to think about his life. The two halves of Fish reconcile when he drowns the second time at the end of the book. Another example of reconciliation is between Rose and Dolly. All of her life Rose had hated Dolly, her drunkenness, her pro...

• Word Count: 1377
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: High School

... must portray the characteristics of having power, having European ancestry (Caucasian race), have a passion for sport or being a dominant male. If anyone does not fit into these categories they are shunned or viewed differently in society. During the 1960's in Australia, succession was based on a persons excellence in sports. If anyone did not follow this way of life they were ... happened to Charlie Bucktin. Charlie is more interested in reading his fathers novels, which teach him about good beliefs and values. Coincidentally these novels of Charlie's are also the ones that influenced S...

• Word Count: 1328
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: High School

... and between these objects (Munn, 1973). Pictographs and ideographs have also been used by Aboriginal people as a means of communicating between tribes, where different language groups prevented verbal communication. For instance, tribal messengers would carry message sticks - covered with images - which would allow their safe ... tells the story of the life of her son Nobby, and his experience growing up within a political system that has failed Aboriginal people. The book, while written from a very subjective standpoint, allows the reader to view Australian society from a different poin...

• Word Count: 2009
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... passion for representational art of outback Australia and the people who create the Australian cultural identity. For the first time in his life, Drysdale visited both public and commercial galleries where he begun to show admiration for the impressionists and early 20th century School of Paris artists. "...all I knew was I suddenly got to like these things tremendously and I wanted to do ... and painting. "Mangula- is and oil on canvas (183.0x122.0cm), and depicts a legendary aboriginal heroin well known in aboriginal culture. Typically the groups of aboriginal people who worship Mangu...

• Word Count: 1671
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography

... and damaging another seven that were supposed to support an invasion of Port Moresby. This delayed the invasion by one month. 2. The Battle of the Coral Sea in May 1942- where some land based aircraft from Townsville in Queensland, Australia, and the Lexington and Yorktown aircraft, struck at the force which were covering the Japanese invasion fleet. Lexington was lost and ... ontoTempleton's Crossing, Myola, Efogi, Menari and Nauro until at Ioribaiwa Ridge they were supported by Australian Artillery who were brought up from Port Moresby. They then moved to Imita Ridge, where they stopp...

• Word Count: 1281
• Approx Pages: 5

... a leading factor in Western Australia deciding to join in the federation of Australia in 1901. Between 1898-1900 the idea of federation grew consistently, and like anything in WA, there are those who support it, and those who don't support this rising idea. Many attitudes towards federation, each with own reasons but one thing is for sure Australia was heading towards ... ...

• Word Count: 1434
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: High School

... to the ways of the Aboriginals learned valuable lessons. Similarities can therefore be drawn to the intelligence corps within modern day armed forces, where by the explorers gathered information from the Aboriginals who were experienced with the land. The often unspoken and until recently, unwritten truth is ... a promising sign of gaining more knowledge and use from their surroundings. One of the main sources of information gathered by the explorers was where to find water. Without this valuable skill, many of the explorers and their parties of men and horses would not have been able t...

• Word Count: 1696
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... " has brought about greater co-operation with Southeast Asian nations including Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore and Thailand over counter-terrorism. However, there are still disagreements between Australia and other nations such as Malaysia has criticised Australia's involvement in the War on Terror and thus has damaged Australia's ... support on the "war on terror". Following President Bush's State of the Union address, Malaysia's Prime Minister Mahatir Mohamad responded: "We are not convinced, we cannot accept there is not enough evidence to prove that Iraq has links with Al Qaeda...

• Word Count: 1999
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... to the same level as the criminal and doesn't deter people, more expensive than life imprisonment, and has the risk of executing innocent people. What is capital punishment? The World Book 2002 defines capital punishment as punishment by death for committing a certain crime. The crimes that capital punishment is mandatory for in certain countries include murder, armed robbery, kidnapping, rape ... and treason. The methods of capital punishment that are globally used today include hanging, shooting by firing squad, electrocution, poisonous gas, lethal injection, beheading, and stoning. Al...

• Word Count: 1379
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: High School

... a reef. The Great Barrier Reef is not a typical reef however, because it is a barrier reef. Barrier reefs run parallel to a coastline, and are always spaced by a shallow cove that separates the reef from the immediate coastline. Barrier reefs tend to serve the same purpose as a barrier beach. They ... Reef, even those that may seem harmless. A good example of this is the cone shell, which has a fatal sting. Sea snakes and stingrays are probably the most common of the adversaries found in the reef, however, both of these animals rarely ever attack humans. The most common injury sustained...

• Word Count: 1288
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... panned from the boots to the woman walking out of the door of a house carrying a tray of food; this editing created a temporal ellipsis from where the woman was in the chicken coop. As she walks out, she is looking at something off camera. The audience would probably be interested at this ... homes reading an article about the three who escaped. The lighting is dim, lit only by a small bucket fire. Unlike the ones who escaped, these girls are in a smaller, more artificial space. Because this is such a small, uncomfortable looking room, we see that these girls lack freedom compared to th...

• Word Count: 1664
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: High School

... lead to the creation of the Family Provisions Act 1982 and the major piece of revolutionary legislation, The Property (Relationships) Amendment Act (NSW) that ensures that same sex couples are awarded the same right to appeal wills as heterosexual couples and the inclusion in a will automatically if a partner dies interstate. The change is also shown the common law case ... preventing major and lengthy law reform, proving that changing the definitions is both efficient and more effective than rewording the current legislation. Superannuation Currently in Australia same sex couples are tre...

• Word Count: 1344
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Undergraduate