... , while black, Hispanic, and American Indian candidates, with somewhat lesser qualifications, and credentials, were given preferential treatment, and admitted into the University. The University of Michigan uses a point system to screen thousands of possible applicants, and a member of a minority receives a 20-point bonus, out ... of the possible 150, just based on this or her ethnic background. Not based on his or her qualifications or credentials. The University states that this bonus in the point system, that the minorities receive, is affirmative action. The critical issue in this ca...

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... been needed then it is now superfluous. Affirmative action has been questioned several times. One time was Bakke verses University of California Regents; Bakke claimed he wasn"t admitted to University California-Davis because he was white. Also prop 209 passed in California in 1996. You have the civil rites ... at Davis unsuccessfully. "The school reserved sixteen places in each entering class of one hundred for "qualified" minorities, as part of the university's affirmative action program"(www.plhs.esu3.org). In other words they wouldn"t always take the 100 most qualified people, since...

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... people's wrong doings. It discriminates against students, when it is meant to be good. Therefore now college admissions are based more on skin color than on skills and merit. The University of Michigan rates students on a scale that awards points for SAT scores, High school grades, and race. A perfect SAT score is worth 12 points, but being black gets you 20 ... all that he plays the electric guitar, speaks Latin, wants to study the Chinese language and Asian cultures, comparative theologies and journalism in college. Jared applied to Princeton University, Duke University, Rice Universi...

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... cases involving affirmative action. The first case occurred during the nineteen-seventies. A young man named Allan Bakke; who applied twice to the University of California medical school, was rejected in result of affirmative action policies both years. Bakke took his case to the Supreme Court, and ... court ruled in his favor. Allan Bakke's case resulted in an established affirmative action quota in colleges, and he was also admitted into the University of California medical school. The second significant court case involving affirmative action occurred more recently. In nineteen ninet...

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... cases involving affirmative action. The first case occurred during the nineteen-seventies. A young man named Allan Bakke; who applied twice to the University of California medical school, was rejected in result of affirmative action policies both years. Bakke took his case to the Supreme Court, and ... court ruled in his favor. Allan Bakke's case resulted in an established affirmative action quota in colleges, and he was also admitted into the University of California medical school. The second significant court case involving affirmative action occurred more recently. In nineteen ninet...

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... that he believed he had been rejected merely on the basis of his Caucasian status, and that minorities who had gained admission into the University had lower test scores then he did . The Bakke Supreme Court dispute reflected the intense and widespread emotions aroused by quotas, by preferential ... concerning affirmative action has been the one of Grutter vs. Bollinger. This landmark affirmative action case challenges racial preferences in student admissions at the University of Michigan Law School. "Affirmative action is about giving back to a specific group that had their rights deni...

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... the opposite direction. Color-blind admission should be tested to see the reaction around the country. A person should be accepted to a college or university for there credentials not there race or creed. There are many ways deal with minority's access to college besides blatant racial preferences. One is ... people that may excel in the classroom might not test very well. There should not be any other reason to be accepted to a college or university besides academic purposes. If a student gets accepted to a school because he is a gifted athlete that is a different form of discrimination...

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... should be done away with is because it is giving less qualified people positions that they do not deserve. When a school like the University of Michigan gives minority students extra points for being minorities they are cheating white students. By giving the minority students extra points, a ... less qualified student can take the spot of a more qualified white student who did better in high school and on their SAT's. The University of Michigan uses a point system where "being a minority earns you 20 points and writing an outstanding essay earns you only 1 point (Negative about ... mino...

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... than it does for a perfect score on college admissions tests. It is ironic for Bush to do this because he was a recipient of Affirmative Action when he applied to Yale University. A close examination of the policy shows it is a complicated maze of academic, geographic, demographic, political and cultural factors that U-M uses to try to assemble a bright and diverse student population. Examples ... youth are minorities and most minority students don't have the same resources as suburban schools."" Tyus said. ******* Taking a stand in a critical civil rights battle, the UAW backs Affirmat...

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... workers and the majority of new entrants into the labor markets are women and minorities" (Leporini). Affirmative action of minority groups, therefore, has proven its worth in our economy. University admissions are another institution that must use affirmative action laws because of the continuing challenge of groups such as women and different races. Recently, the ... Bush was quoted saying "I strongly support diversity of all kinds, including racial diversity in higher education, but the method used by the University of Michigan to achieve this goal is fundamentally flawed"(Graves). Mi...

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... favouritism of a certain race, comes along with the glaring eyes of a distrustful nation. A notable case is the 1978 Bakke decision involving the University of California's rejection of the plaintiff's application for entree into the University's Medical Program. The plaintiff clearly noted that the University had previously reserved sixteen spaces for minority students in accordance with the affirmative action policy that the ... white male, brought up the issue that he believed he had been rejected merely on the basis of his Caucasian status, and that minorities who had gained admissi...

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... one only needs to look at the results of California's proposition 209. Proposition 209 banned the use of affirmative action on California campuses. The University of California at Berkley is just one of a number of California universities who are managing to maintain diversity with out racial set-asides. The ... first year after prop 209 went into effect, there was a 50% reduction in minority enrollment at this university. This appeared to support the need for affirmative action, but only a year later the minority enrollment had jumped by 30%. Ending affirmative action forced ... the un...

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... opportunities for minority groups (22). Therefore, Affirmative Action is legitimate because it does reduce discrimination in the work place and related areas such as University acceptance of college students. In the end, it should in no way be abolished. However, Affirmative action is highly controversial. Right now Proposition ... there is no Affirmative Action, such as in the court case of Hopwood V. Texas reverse discrimination suit. A court ruling said that the University of Texas Law School was banned from using race at all in their admitting. Attorney General Dan Morales of Texas h...

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... their jobs effectively. Many times employers are forced to find the best minority, rather than the person most qualified for the job. For example, Duke University adopted a policy in 1993 that required each department at the university to hire at least one new African-American for a faculty position. However, various surveys and estimates show that less than 4,000 blacks receive Ph.D.s in ... the United States. This is less than two black Ph.D.s for every American College or University. Therefore, Duke University's policy would force them to hire faculty that are not as qualified, due t...

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... many Caucasian applicants that were rejected to people of a different race who were not as qualified in other areas as them. Two Caucasian women were at the center of the University of Michigan cases. Jennifer Gratz was a top high school student in suburban Detroit in 1995, when Michigan rejected her application. Barbara Grutter, a 49-year-old mother of two, ran her ... course taken in front of the U.S. Supreme Court because Jennifer and Barbara thought they were victims or racism. The U.S. Supreme Court struck down on the point system used by the University of Michigan in a 5-4 decisio...

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... weapon (and last resort) of policy supporters. In the case of Gratz vs. Bollinger a young white college student (Gratz) with an outstanding record applied for graduate school at the University of Michigan and was turned down. Further investigation showed that many ethnic students with lower GPAs and test scores than Gratz were excepted into the program. Gratz then filled a lawsuit ... against the University of Michigan. The University's primary argument in this case was racial integration. Yet when the University's attorney was pressing the argument of integration a Supreme court justic...

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... , or "quotas". One example is the case of Cheryl Hopwood v. State of Texas. Despite Cheryl Hopwood's high grade point average and impressive scores on the Law School Admission Tests, the University of Texas Law School rejected her. As it turned out, Hopwood's qualifications exceeded those of 24 of 25 black applicants and 47 of 50 Hispanic applicants who were admitted over ... her. It was discovered that the university's admissions policy had one set of standards for whites, Asians, and other applicants, and a different and lower set of standards for African-Americans and Hispanics. She a...

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... the respect for others" rights required of good citizens" (Goldberg, 332). This is what is said in the Fundamental Standard for behavior, and must be followed by students at Stanford University. But there is substantial pressure on college students across the nation. They are torn between the right to free expression and the right to nondiscrimination. By applying a hate speech code ... minimize and prevent the harassment of students by using hate speech on the basis of race, sex, color, handicap, religion, sexual preference, or ethnic origin. The policies formulated by Stanford Univers...

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... acceptable to impose restrictions upon dress as long as they are not purely arbitrary restrictions. Milligan-Jensen v. Michigan Technological University- Milligan-Jensen was an officer employed by the Michigan Technological University. She was hired on the basis of being a female because the University just recently lost their only other female officer. Milligan-Jensen began to sense some discrimination soon after being hired. When ... at the discriminating comments made by the supervisor and felt that the plaintiff had made her case of direct disparate treatment. The burden of defense ...

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... that all American citizens have the right to equanimity. Affirmative action, however, has taken that right and butchered it. For example, in the case of Regents of the University v. Bakke, Bakke stated that the University of California at Davis rejected him "even though his qualifications [surpassed] those of the sixteen minority students- (Tivnan 191). Later, the court and "four justices said that ... the school had rejected Bakke because he was white- and labeled this act as "unconstitutional- (Tivnan 191). Shortly after the trial, the university accepted Bakke. Due to the quotas and ...

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... historical injustices. By removing the stigma surrounding minorities it ensures everyone is given equal opportunities. To reinforce his claim on the benefits of diversity Mosely uses the Regents of the University of California v. Bakke case. This case highlights a significant decision made by the Supreme Court of the United States that allows race to be one of the many factors used in ... university and college admission policies (Mosley, 135). The fundamental premise behind this new legal principle is that diversity within the student body allows different perspectives to be expressed,...

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... in poor conditions. If their situation is exceptional and the admissions board sees something special in the applicant, then I think it is our duty to give this person a chance. As a university that promotes diversity, I believe that not only racial diversity is necessary, but also diversity from different parts of this country, from different walks of life. If it comes down to ... accept the minority applicant and further push racial diversity. That is, after all, what Affirmative Action is all about. I whole-heartedly agree with the decisions made with the two Michigan University case...

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... rate in the program. The basic argument for quotas was minority under-representation. However, this case has shown the defination of under-representation is a loose one. Affirmative action programs in university admissions are some of the most contested issues dividing young americans today. If affirmative action in the work place is a competetion for blue collar jobs and promotions, in education it ... UC Berkeleys average of nearly 1200. More than 70 percent of the black students failed to graduate from UC Berkely."(Williams) Not far from UC Berkely is San Jose state University, not o...

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... systems go. If there were an all white college or school, black people would raise hell, and say that's segregation. Yet, there are all black universities - Delaware State University, Alabama State University, and Albany State University, GA, just to name a few. Why doesn't this get questioned? There's black history month, but what if there were white history month? The answer to stopping discrimination ... ...

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... and is considered disparate treatment. More recently in the headlines was the case involving the two white women and the University of Michigan. The two are suing for reverse discrimination. They both said they were overlooked for admittance due to the University standards regarding affirmative action. This case is in the process of being heard. One justice is quoted as saying, "If ... point that more minority applicants can qualify. Not only is that derogatory in its implications, but it is strikingly inappropriate from anyone who purports to believe in pure meritocracy."" The Universi...

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