After constant fighting the Macabees emerged victorious and crowned Simon, the last son of the Macabees as their new king. They rededicated the temple in what became known as Hanukah. .
Rome relied on agricultural production from the Nile river valley to feed their people. They also mined exotic stones that were used for some sculptures and other works of art. Egypt was also important for trading. Alexandrain was the gateway for the Medditeranean and the Red sea. It allowed ships to go through the Indian Ocean to trade with India, China, and Malaysia. .
After Antipater dies Herod is named ruler .
Since people first settled there Israel ahs always been a major place of conflict.
Antiochus destroyed the sacred temple in Jerusalem and tried to force his religion onto them. He also restricted worship and practice on the Jews because Antichus was a bad leader they revolted. The revolt was lead by Judas MAccaleus a Hasmonean.
The Romans had a polytheistic view of religion that was adopted from the Greeks.
Caesar Crassus, and Pompey formed the first triumvirate of Rome. Caesar served for one year then appointed himself governor of Gaul. There he fought for 8 years before he conquered all of Gaul. Because of his success he became very popular. Pompey feared that Caesar was becoming too powerful and insisted the Senate to make him disband his army and return home. Caesar did return home but he brought his whole legion along with him. Pompey fled Rome to organize his troops. After battling all over the empire Caesar emerged victorious. Once he returned to Rome the Senate appointed him as dictator. During his reign he conquered even more lands. While in Egypt he fell in love with Cleopatra VII. Caesar also gave citizenship to people in other provinces, added members to the Senate, helped the poor, built more public buildings, and increased pay. Caesar was loved by all his people and the Senate grew weary of his popularity and success.