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Differential Association Theory

Conflict is bound to happen when an individual has the intentions of doing criminal behavior or organizing criminal acts. The third proposition states that conflict is more likely to happen the less sophisticated the person (Turk, 1969). Conflict or criminal behavior statically happens more often with individuals in a lower economic status than in a higher economic status because usually the lower economic status has more reward than risk. The fourth proposition emphasizes the likelihood of authority of legal norms increases as the similarity between the cultural and behavioral aspects of authorities' increases (Turk, 1969). Law enforcement as a whole comes to an understanding about legal norms when their cultural and behavioral aspects are also on the same page. The fifth proposition says that the lower the power of the individual the higher the need for law enforcement (Turk, 1969). The lower the economic status of the individual the higher law enforcement will be in that social structure. The last proposition of cultural conflict states that the more individuals that are breaking the legal norms the more law enforcement that will be present (Turk, 1969). If there is a good amount of individuals committing crime in an area then there will also be a good amount of law enforcement as well. .
             Sutherland's and Sellin culture conflict has come a long way from its original standpoint. The culture conflict is one of the three major influences to Sutherland's Differential Association theory. It also is the most important because from culture conflict Sutherland could illustrate how social environmental structures correlate with an individual's criminal behavior. Another of the major influences to Sutherland's differential association theory was that of examination of statistical information (Sutherland, 1924). The Chicago school had already revealed that the areas any city that has the most immigrants and highest crime rate tends to be in the central area of the city or the heart of the city (Sutherland, 1924).


Essays Related to Differential Association Theory

1. The Differential Theory and Criminal Behavior

... norm) behavior in our society and its strength's and weaknesses. I will try as much as possible to use local illustrations in explaining this theory. Overview and Development of the Differential Association Theory Differential Association Theory is one of the social learning theories that attempt to explain deviance and crime "crime is brought about by a conflict of behaviors that ... these associations help an individual to learn the motives, rationale and techniques for particular crimes among others (Sutherland 1974). There are nine principles that make up the differential associatio...

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2. Defining Differential Association

... , that person has a great chance of becoming delinquent themselves through their own interactions with other delinquents. Testing of Sutherland's Theory Since Sutherland first announced his Differential Association Theory, studies on his theory have been tested through samples, as well as testing beyond the spectrum of other theories to explain this causation. According to ... breakdown between the correlation between differential association and control theories. Matsueda (1982), tested control theory against differential association, concluding that differential association was supporte...

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3. Hate Crimes Involving Children And The Differential Association Theory

... children. The results of these experiments imply that strong family and peer influence at an early age is the backbone of a child's beliefs. Hate Crimes Involving Children and the Differential Association Theory A hate crime is any bias motivated criminal incident committed against an individual or group because of their race, sex, ethnicity, disability, and/or beliefs. In most cases, ... had a greater impact on delinquent behavior for adolescents who had weak family support, than for those who had strong family support (Vitaro, 2000). This experiment supports Sutherland's Differential A...

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4. Differential Association

... to commit a senseless act of crime which has now landed her in prison for 28 years. According to the differential association theory, her age at the time of the crime (16) had a major effect on how she became involved with the robbery. The Differential association theory suggests that younger people are easier to influence than older people therefore that is one of the reasons why she ... went along with the robbery. The ratio of her likeliness to say "yes" to be apart of the crime also increases because of her age. The Differential association theory also suggests that young people are...

  • Word Count: 363
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5. Differential Opportunity - Theories of Crime

... a response to critiques of his original version. These critics include: Travis Hirschi, Richard Cloward and Lloyd Ohlin, Walter B. Miller, and Richard Quinney. Travis Hirschi developed Bonding theory which explains conformity, Cloward and Ohlin developed Differential Opportunity Theory which considers illegitimate opportunity, Walter B. Miller developed Focal Concerns which considers several different value systems, and Richard Quinney considers the crimes of the suits. These five ... socially structured variations in the availability of illegitimate means as well (Cloward et. al. 1960,...

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6. Theory

... arrested in their moral development, and with the absence of significant social bonds they become delinquents. The previous thoughts were then reinforced through the Maternal Deprivation and Attachment theory, where researchers found a strong association between the absence of mother's love and criminal behavior. It was found that a child needs to experience a warm with either a mother or a mother ... explain the criminal behavior of Frank. The cultural deviance theories would state that a criminal behavior is a result of the environment. The three major theories are social disorganizati...

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7. Differential Association

Objective 1: Assess Southland's "differential association" theory in relation to professional thieves specializing in the robbery of drug stores. Some social and criminal behavior is learned from interaction with others or associations. Human behavior is influenced and ... by those who are already professionals. The learning would include the technique of how to commit the crime and what the motive is for committing the crime. The principles of "differential association" are that society has definitions favorable to following the laws that govern society.. A person becomes delinquent because...

  • Word Count: 368
  • Approx Pages: 1
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8. The Preparedness Theory

... (Hofmann, 2008, p. 201). Many aspects of fears and phobias is also known as the selective association which denote preferential tendencies for prepared or fear-relevant stimuli than unprepared or fear-irrelevant stimuli (Mineka and Öhman, 2002, p. 928). Experimental tests of preparedness theory supports this notion with studies comparing fear conditioning with pictures of snakes and flowers serving as Conditioned stimuli ... 1971, p. 308-309). Using the cat phobia example, it is conventional to suggest that exposure to the cat without the US or the traumatic event will result in the as...

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9. Deviance

... sociology. The University of Chicagos approach to the study of crime emphasized that human behavior was determined by social and physical environmental factors, rather than genetic or personal characteristics. (FSU). Differential Association theory was Sutherland's major sociological contribution to criminology. Sutherland argued that people become criminal if they are exposed to statements, which express approval of crime more often than disapproval. Statements approving ... to place and over time and what constitutes deviance are relative to the norms and values of a particular cultur...

  • Word Count: 2167
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