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A Broken Balance


When Okonkwo is exiled to his motherland, he is reminded of the common phrase "Nneka­­Mother is supreme." (p.133): "It's true that a child belongs to its father. But when a father beats his child, it seeks sympathy in its mother's hut. A man belongs to his fatherland when things are good and life is sweet. But when there is sorrow and bitterness he finds refuge in his motherland. Your mother is there to protect you. She is buried there. And that is why we say that mother is supreme" (134).
             The mother figure is extremely important in the culture, being a "refuge" for man, and the underlying source of his strength and prosperity. While she is not given the same honors and privileges as men, she is valued and necessary in the survival of the Ibo people. Females are also respected in the Ibo religion, many villagers fearing and sacrificing for "Ani," the "great goddess of the earth without whose blessing the crops will not grow" (p.30). Another respected woman is Chielo, "the priestess of Agbala, the Oracle of the Hills and the Caves," (p.49) who is so respected by Okonkwo that at one point he trusts her to carry his precious daughter miles away to the hills and caves in the dark of the night to talk with the Gods.
             When the white missionaries attract attention and converts, they expose the Ibo people to their own traditional roles of men and women. Unlike the Ibo, whose political leaders are solely male, but whose religious figures can be female, the westerners obey a "queen, the most powerful ruler in the world," (p.194) and their God is a "loving father who need not be feared by those who do His will." (p.181) For the indigenous villagers, it is foreign and unnatural for a female to be in command of the laws and judicial system, and in their society, fathers described as "loving" are weak and neglected, not worshipped.


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