K, 2015). With the growth in need of commanding and their task gets done, mobile technology has evolved to the development of speech recognition capability. Through the advancement of automatic speech recognition (ASR) - technology converting signal speech captured through a microphone to a series of words – has enabled commanding as a mode of input currently. Speech recognition implemented by Google and Microsoft requires an environment free from noise to work efficiently. Technologies such as Siri implemented on smartphones allows usage of the smartphone without touching the device. Current there are also special applications as well as services designed to support older mobile devices with no speech recognition functionality even though they are not perfect (Maria. K, 2015).
Instant messaging (IM) apps is online chat offering real-time text communication via the Internet. It is used text-based messages between two or more members over any network. They differ from other technologies such as email as they provide synchronized real-time communication by the participants. Instant messages such as WhatsApp application have included video chat as well as file transfer but to a limited file size. Additionally it is possible to save conversations for future referencing (Maria. K, 2015). Another advancement in mobile technology is the use of touchscreen as a mode of input. A user can input through touching the screen using a stylus pen or fingers. The user can interact directly with the information displayed apart from using touchpad or mouse. They are many touchscreen technologies with many sensing touches ranging from; Resistive touchscreen consisting many layers, importantly two thin, translucent electrically resistive layers that are separated by a thin space. Surface acoustic wave (SAW) technology using ultrasonic waves that pass touchscreen panel. Currently, Apple smartphones have introduced 3D touch, a technology allowing recognition of the pressure applied by the user on the touch inputs and performing a variety of actions depending on how firmly presses the inputs (Maria.
