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Female Circumcision

            
             Male circumcision has been done around the world since the era of B. It was done solely as a sign of the covenant man made with God. Today's society has added more reasons such as appearance of the penis, culture, and hygiene reasons. For the past 2,000 years females have had this procedure done to them as well. Female circumcision however is done in different procedures and has many "purposes" as to why this practice takes place.
             Female circumcision, commonly known as Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) is practiced in over 30 countries in the world. The procedure first appeared in the countries of Africa. Among the Samburu tribe of Kenya, girls are generally circumcised at the age of 14 or 15, usually just before they get married. It is estimated that 90% or more of the girls in Djibouti, Ethiopia and Eritrea, Sierra Leone, Somalia, and North Sudan have been mutilated. There are over 30 million women living in Nigeria that have been mutilated and 24 million in Ethiopia. The estimating of women who have gone through FGM has totaled up to about 114 to 130 million women a year.
             There are three procedures that can be done to accomplish the task of female genital mutilation. The first procedure is called Sunna Circumcision. This method is characterized by the removal of the tip of the clitoris and/or its covering (prepuce).
             The second procedure is called Clitoridectomy. This is the technique where the entire clitoris, the prepuce and adjacent labia are removed. The third and most extreme procedure of all is called Infibulation which is also known as Pharaonic circumcision. It is the same as the clitoridectomy in addition with the sewing up of the vulva. A small opening is left opened for the flow of urine and menstrual flow. A second operation is done later on in life to reverse some of the damage. Other procedures are done but they have no common name to classify themselves. Some miscellaneous procedures include pricking, piercing, stretching, or the incision of the clitoris and/or labia as well as the vaginal walls.


Essays Related to Female Circumcision

1. Female Circumcision

... rights violations which aim to control women's sexuality and autonomy, which are common to all cultures (Wright, 2001)." The strong reactions against depiction's of cultures practicing female circumcision as savage, violent and abusive of women and girls have led to new ways of approaching the issue. Some international organizations working against the practice are supporting ... choosing direct involvement. The following approaches are typical: -Community education; in which volunteer nurses and midwives, trained local health workers to teach individuals about the harmful effects of fem...

  • Word Count: 2909
  • Approx Pages: 12
  • Has Bibliography
  • Grade Level: Undergraduate

2. female circumcision

... unless she has undergone the proper procedure. This is what their society expects of them. It's a tradition, which has been practiced for 2,000 years. Although female circumcision is a traditional practice worldwide (performed in countries such as; Bahrain, Oman, Indonesia, Malaysia, Togo, Uganda, Zaire, Sudan, Tanzania, Somalia, Ivory, Niger, ... is not used, and when it is used, it rarely blocks the horrendous pain girls and women. In some areas of Africa, female circumcision is delayed until two months before a woman gives birth. This practice is based on the belief that the baby will...

  • Word Count: 1534
  • Approx Pages: 6

3. Female Circumcisions

... unless she has undergone the proper procedure. This is what their society expects of them. It's a tradition, which has been practiced for 2,000 years. Although female circumcision is a traditional practice worldwide (performed in countries such as; Bahrain, Oman, Indonesia, Malaysia, Togo, Uganda, Zaire, Sudan, Tanzania, Somalia, Ivory, Niger, ... is not used, and when it is used, it rarely blocks the horrendous pain girls and women. In some areas of Africa, female circumcision is delayed until two months before a woman gives birth. This practice is based on the belief that the baby will...

  • Word Count: 1525
  • Approx Pages: 6

4. Female Circumcision

... that member of your family has started to sew your vagina closed. Finally you lose consciousness because the pain is so unbearable. You have just been subjected to female circumcision. Although female circumcision may be performed during infancy, during adolescence or even during a woman's first pregnancy, " the procedure is usually carried out on girls between the ages of ... four and twelve". (Women's Health Weekly). " There are three basic types of female circumcision clitoridectomy, excision, and infibulation" . ( Female Genital Mutilation). In the first type, clitoridectimy, all or ...

  • Word Count: 1285
  • Approx Pages: 5
  • Has Bibliography
  • Grade Level: Undergraduate

5. Female Genital Mutilation

... physical problems such as bleeding, infections, or even death. Long-term physical complications are numerous, and there appear to be substantial psychological effects on women's self-images and sexual lives. Female genital mutilation, also known as female circumcision, is an extreme example of efforts common to societies around the world to suppress women's sexuality, ensure their subjugation, and control their reproductive functions ... a time when they can be made aware of the social role expected of them as women. In the communities where FGM takes place, it is referred to as "female...

  • Word Count: 2699
  • Approx Pages: 11
  • Grade Level: Undergraduate

6. Female Genital Mutilation In Africa

... individual around the globe. Procedures involving the partial or total removal of the external female genitalia or injury to the female genital organs are termed either Female Circumcision or Female Genital Mutilation. Many feel this term circumcision is a euphemism is deem the procedure to be called by the more appropriate name, Female Genital Mutilation. "Mutilation- is technically accurate because most variants of the practices ... to or removal of healthy tissues. Yet, for most people, the term "mutilation- connotes purposeful harm and is tantamount to an allegation of evil intent. ...

  • Word Count: 4279
  • Approx Pages: 17
  • Grade Level: Undergraduate

7. Save the Yoni - Female Circumcision

... womanhood and marriage. Often performed without anesthetic under septic conditions by lay practitioners with little or no knowledge of human anatomy or medicine, female circumcision can cause death or permanent health problems as well as severe pain. Despite these grave risks, its practitioners look on it as an ... of her experience in an interview with Rogaia Mustafa Abusharaf, an anthropologist born in Sudan, in her article "Unmasking the Tradition of Female Circumcision." Majid describes her cutting is when she was only 6 years old. She recalls being taken by her mother and two aunts ...

  • Word Count: 1858
  • Approx Pages: 7
  • Has Bibliography
  • Grade Level: Undergraduate

8. The Truth about Female Genital Mutilation "

... struggling. While women have progressed in some areas, there are still practices like FGM that dehumanizes, degrade, declass, diminish and weaken women. The term Female Genital Mutilation was adopted in the 1970's and it replaced the term "female circumcision. " However, FGM was practiced way before. It has been in practice for about 1400 years. FGM, to sum it up, is the removal of ... various tools which I shall not go into here. " (Walker, 1993) Sometimes people think that just because men go through circumcision, how bad could it be for women? There's a big difference between male an...

  • Word Count: 2075
  • Approx Pages: 8
  • Has Bibliography
  • Grade Level: High School

9. Female Genital Mutilation

... the "al-gahiliyya" (translates into "Era of Ignorance"). The Bible is silent on the subject, but the Sunnah (words and actions of the Prophet Mohammed) contains a number of references to female circumcision. One passage is recorded between Mohammed and Um Habibah, a woman who performed infibulation on slaves. She said she would continue to do it unless he forbade it and until Mohammed ... it is more pleasant for the husband"(7). Nawal El-Saadawi, a Muslim circumcised woman, stated (8): "The importance given to virginity and an intact hymen in these societies is the reason why female cir...

  • Word Count: 1701
  • Approx Pages: 7
  • Has Bibliography
  • Grade Level: High School

10. Male Circumcision and Female Genital Modification: Humans Ri

... and moral issues may be involved. Though there is much controversy placed on male circumcision, there is none more placed than on female genital modification. There are many arguments, pro and con, for the various modifications. However, from its original roots in anti-masturbation hysteria, male circumcision continues in English-speaking western countries. Such countries included are the United States, Canada ... vast majority of whom are Muslim. So why are these countries imposing and often forcing women against their will to mutilate their own genitalia? Female genital modification is...

  • Word Count: 722
  • Approx Pages: 3
  • Grade Level: Undergraduate

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