London, Bristol and Leverpool were better off. In London, conditions varied considerably. The area controlled by the city of London was better administrated, although the social amenities were negligible. In 1730 a new system of street lighting was introduced which dispelled some of the night gloom. To the contemporaries, it was a spectacular achievement. But it semained practically the only one of the period Accounts of travelers, English and foreign, show London to have been dirty and harmful, lacking the common amenities, a city of violent contrast between luxury and elegance and poverty and inglincss, and above all of great disturbances. .
* The Urban Society :-.
At the head of urban society were the merchant princes, with whom a few lawyers and high civil servants could associate on terms of equality both in wealth and social standing. These merchants. Often bought up great estates to endow themselves with the social prestige which went with land ownership and which would enable their sons and daughters to marry into the aristocracy or to acquire a title in their own right. These were the men who controlled the Bank of England. They had close financial ties with the government and it is not surprising that in politics they tended to support Walpole, the prime Minister, and call themselves the Whigs, but of course to them wiggery was not a radical creed. It meant, quite simply, the Hanoverian dynasty, with the preservation of things as they were. In habits of life, the merchant princes differed little from the noblemen, they lived in equal state and spent too much on furniture , food , and servants. But not all merchants were merchant primes. The great majority were middling people, mildly prosperous because of their industry. Among these, the ordinary merchants and prosperous shop keepers, the traditions of 17th C. life were stronger. They were still deeply attached to the puritan attitude, they were also whig, but it was an old-fashioned type of whiggery which did not always see eye to eye with Walpole, for they believed in plain, fair and honest dealing, and the control of government by a parliament -not the reverse which was walpole's way.