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Stonehenge--An Ancient and Modern Marvel


3). Today, there is enough left of Stonehenge to speculate on its purpose, but not enough to say for sure why or how it was constructed (Stonehenge 2). But while astronomers, archaeologists and historians continue to debate theories on its construction and purpose, the only thing that can be said for certain is a description of what still exists today.
             Stonehenge was constructed in three phases over a 2,000-year period between 3000 BCE and 1400 BCE. Erosion, time, and human invasion have worn it down, leaving many of the stones in stumps similar to a set of baby teeth ("Unearthing" 2). In its day, the construction of Stonehenge was an impressive engineering feat, requiring commitment, time and huge amounts of manual labor (Stonehenge 1). In the first period, Stonehenge was just earthwork. The builders made a circular enclosure outlined by two banks and a ditch with an entrance to the northeast and a standing stone a bit away from the entrance ("Building periods" 1). It is believed that the ditch was dug with tools made from the antlers of deer and wood (Stonehenge 1). In the second phase of construction, the Bluestones were brought in and the placement of the post-holes were scattered throughout the monument ("Stonehenge," par. 1). Cremation burials were also cut into the infilled ditch and in the monument's interior. Due to radiocarbon dating of the bone skewer pins used to hold the bags, in which the ashes were placed, closed archaeologists determined that the ashes came from the Late Neolithic/Early Bronze Age ("Stonehenge," par.3). The last thing done to Stonehenge during the second period was the widening of the bank entrance. That created the 40-foot wide "Avenue" that heads northeast and slowly curves two miles to the Avon River. The third and final period was the longest and contained the most changes of all the periods ("Stonehenge period 3"1). It was broken up into at least six different subphases.


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