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Problems associated with new born babies



             Weeks of Pregnancy < 28 weeks 28 to 31 32 to35 36 37 to 39 40 41.
             Percentage of Births 0.7 1.2 5.5 3.4 49.7 20.4 10.1.
             Based on 2001 data from the National Center for Health Statistics.
             Many premature babies also weigh less than 2,500 grams (5.5 pounds) and may be referred to as low birthweight (LBW).
             Causes of Prematurity:.
             There are many factors linked to premature birth. Some directly cause early labor and birth, while others can make the mother or baby sick and require early delivery. The following factors may contribute to a premature birth:.
             1. Toxemia or high blood pressure of pregnancy.
             2. Chronic medical illness (such as heart or kidney disease).
             3. infection (such as group B streptococcus, urinary tract infections).
             4. drug use (such as cocaine).
             5. abnormal structure of the uterus.
             6. premature rupture of membranes (amniotic sac) .
             7. placental abruption (early detachment from the uterus).
             8. multiple gestation (twins, triplets or more) .
             Consequences of prematurity:.
             1. Temperature instability.
             2. Respiratory problems such as: .
             a. Respiratory distress syndrome - a condition in which the air sacs cannot stay open due to lack of surfactant in the lungs. .
             b. Chronic lung disease- long-term respiratory problems caused by injury to the lung tissue. .
             c. Incomplete lung development .
             d. Apnea (stopping breathing) - occurs in about half of babies born at or before 30 weeks .
             3. Cardiovascular problems such as: .
             a. Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA) - a heart condition that causes blood to divert away from the lungs. .
             b. too low or too high blood pressure .
             c. low heart rate - often occurs with apnea .
             4. Gastrointestinal problems such as: .
             a. Difficulty feeding - many are unable to coordinate suck and swallow before 35 weeks gestation .
             b. Poor digestion .
             c. Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) - a serious disease of the intestine common in premature babies. .
             5. Neurologic problems such as: .
             a. Intraventricular hemorrhage - bleeding in the brain. .
             b. Periventricular leukomalacia - softening of tissues of the brain around the ventricles (the spaces in the brain containing cerebrospinal fluid).


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