Introduction to Micro-electromechanical Systems (MEMS).
Micro-electromechanical Systems or widely referred to as MEMS is a process technology used to create tiny integrated systems or devices which combines both its electrical and mechanical components. Although MEMS technology has been around for quite a while, it has only been recognized internationally within the last few years. They are generally made up of integrated circuits batch processing techniques and its size can range from a few micrometers to a few millimeters. The main function of MEMS based devices or systems are its ability to sense, control or actuate on a micro scale but generates an effect on a macro scale. .
Here, we will be looking at micro sensors based on MEMS technology used in space. MEMS sensor comprise of a new and evolving technology the promises to revolutionize the way sensors and control system technologies works and functions. MEMS sensors are beginning to intrude into every aspect of technology, particularly those that are related to space applications. Micro sensors can detect changes in a system's environment by measuring the magnetic, chemical, thermal, mechanical or electromagnetic information whereby it then relates this information to the micro actuator which will then react and create some form of changes to the environment. The inputs (sensors) and outputs (controllers) serve as the bottlenecks that limit many everyday technology applications, particularly applications where dense nets of information or control are needed. Because of the extremely high cost of launching instrumentation into orbit, the rigors of the launch and space environments (such as vibration and radiation), and the need for extremely high-reliability devices, MEMS technology is ideally suited for space sensor needs.
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Figure 1: (a) International Space Station.
