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The History of Madagascar


            
             The Malagasy have been in Madagascar for 1500 to 2000 years, although stone artefacts indicate an older culture possibly existing there. The Malagasy people are a mixture of Asians and Africans. Most of the immigrants were Malay-Polonesians, who crossed the Indian Ocean from Indonesia and South-East Asia. But people came from eastern Africa as well. There were 18 official "tribes" or clans inhabiting the islands mixed population with African slaves, Arab, Indian and Portuguese traders, European pirates and French colonists.
             The Portuguese were the first Europeans to arrive, in a fleet under Diego Dias's command in 1500. The Portuguese. Dutch and British, in the centuries that followed, all failed to establish permanent bases on the island. Pirates contributed booty, buried treasure, and genes to the island in the 17th century when bands of outlaws succeeded where the government had failed. The pirates used Madagascar's east coast as a convenient base to attack shipping rounding the Cape of Good Hope. At one stage when the Malagasy people were just saying no to piracy in the Caribbean, more than 1000 English, French, Portuguese, Dutch, American and other pirates were based on Madagascar's east coast.
             The rise of Malagasy Kingdoms and small rival states emerged when trading arms and slaves with Europeans increased. By late in the 18th century the Merina clan had begun to dominate. In 1820 the British signed a treaty recognizing Madagascar as an independent state under Merina rule and well into the 20th century the British influence stayed strong. .
             In 1883 the French colonization began in Madagascar. They established the colony of Diego Suarez on the island's northern end in 1885. Also in 1885 the French declared a protectorate over the entire island. The Merina kingdom was declared dissolved in 1896 when the central region of the Merina kingdom with the capital Antananarivo (Tananarive) was conquered, then the french protectorate overall Madagascar was declared.


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