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Tuberculosis


             Investigations into the policies of three major U.S. cities (New York, San Francisco, Chicago ) have presented the current state of tuberculosis treatment amongst the homeless. Information about the disease and its epidemiology was first obtained through articles found in the library. The general history of public health policy against the disease was then also researched in published articles found in the library and on the internet. The current programs in each respective city were then researched by accessing the city's department of public health homepages on the internet and by calling faculty in the departments for specific information. .
             The results of the research into the policies of the cities is as follows. New York is hardest hit by the reemergence of the disease, and suffers four times as many cases as other major cities. Due to the sheer size of the homeless population, the New York City Department of Health has issued a "Comissioner's Order for Directly Observed Therapy" (CODOT) to ensure the expansion of the treatment in highly infectious areas such as homeless shelters. As a last resort, patients may even be detained until an adequate course of treatment is completed. An additional organization has been created: The Education and Training Unit. Conceived by the Bureau of tuberculosis control, health care providers perform "grand rounds", visiting the many shelters throughout the city to diagnose potential cases and educate the homeless and shelter staff members. The city's health department may also be noted for its extensive use of formerly homeless volunteers to execute policies. .
             Although San Francisco's population is much smaller than other major cities, it has the fifth highest tuberculosis rate in the country. The city's Health Care for the Homeless program has extended PPD skin testing in homeless shelters and food lines. In addition, to increase patient compliance, patients under the DOT program receive transportation vouchers and food which act as incentives to complete the therapy.


Essays Related to Tuberculosis

1. Tuberculosis-Mycobacterium

... selected structural motifs which in turn influence host-parasite interactions. To obtain a comprehensive understanding of the exposed epitopes, several authors have studied the secreted proteins for M. tuberculosis using flow cytometric methods designed to define molecules on dispersed mycobacteria. The most unique method is labeling with a hydrophobic flourophore N-hexadecanoyl aminofluorescein a probe that could be ... inserted into the mycobacterial cell envelope, because it is rich in lipids (www.dbbm.fiocruz.br). The Mycobacterium tuberculosis is intercellular pathogens and for tha...

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2. Nutritional Foods and Tuberculosis

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3. Epidemiology of Tuberculosis in India: 2000-2012

... was down to 270 per 100000 population and Prevalence rate has been falling since 2000 with current rate 2800 per 100000population. Treatment success rates have increased to over 85%. Conclusion- Tuberculosis burden has been gradually dropping in India with implementation of DOTS through nationwide RNTCP.HIV reporting has become significant breakthrough showing ART treatment to cause less incidence. TB more common ... correlation of smear negative cases, extra pulmonary cases or for treatment outcomes. DISCUSSION Graphs have been interpolated from the data above to draw comparison and stu...

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4. Medical Overview - Tuberculosis

... may be stored, destroyed, or multiplied ( JAMA, 1999). The worst case scenario would be the multiplication of the bacteria. If this happens, active primary tuberculosis will develop. Symptoms for this include coughing, night sweats, weight loss, and fever. Also, a chest x-ray may show shadows in the lung or fluid ... therapy is the best way of ensuring patient compliance (MMR, 1999). In 1998, scientists successfully decoded the entire gene sequence, or genome, of the tuberculosis bacteria. This advance is likely to lead to the development of new methods for treatment and prevention of TB ...

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5. Tuberculosis

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6. Tuberculosis

... decline in the number of persons with TB, but it is still a problem. More than 16,000 cases were reported in 2000 in the United States. Tuberculosis is an airborne bacterium. When someone infected with TB coughs, sneezes, laughs, sings, and even talks, the germs spread through the air. Whoever breathes in the ... germs has a great chance of becoming infected by the TB. Tuberculosis isn't easy to catch, however. You would have to be close to a TB infected person for a long period of time. Tb is usually spread between family ... mal-nourished, are a alcoholic or an IV drug user, and are o...

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7. Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis Strains

... cell with no escape, Daniels was detained against his will. Extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR TB) is a rare type of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR TB) that is resistant to isoniazid and rifampin, and some second-line drugs namely, amikacin, kanamycin, or capreomycin. The root of ... is an organism that is immune to isoniazid and rifampin. Rifampin and isoniazid is a combination of antibiotic and anti-infective medicine used to treat tuberculosis. It is spread in a similar way to drug susceptible TB. When an infected person coughs or sneezes, the TB bacteria are released into ......

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8. Tuberculosis

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9. Mycobacterium Tuberculosis

... can affect many different parts of the body, although it usually infects the lungs. Tuberculosis in the lungs is called pulmonary tuberculosis. The first stage lasts for several months. The immune system resists TB during this stage. Most of the bacteria are walled in by a fibrous capsule that forms around it. A few ... ...

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