Sufficient information concerning the techniques and practices involved in cloning is required for forming a worthy argument of whether or not cloning entire organisms should be commonplace. Because ethics and morals are often jumbled in this popular debate, it is fair to firstly understand the procedure. .
In the article, "Should We Clone Humans?" in the textbook, the two known methods for cloning whole organisms are discussed. Embryo splitting is one way, where undifferentiated cells in a fertilized egg are separated and implanted into a different mother. The result of this placement is eight identical clones of the offspring that would have been the outcome of the original egg, had it fertilized naturally. This method of cloning, however, does not produce an exact replica of either parent, as in the case of Dolly, the Scottish white-faced sheep, because the splitting is done after the union of sperm and egg.
Dolly's birth, explained in detail in the article "Cloning: Will There Ever Be Another Ewe?", was the result of cloning using a technique known as somatic cell nuclear transfer. As defined in the text, a somatic cell is "any cell in the body except a germ cell," and contains the same entire set of DNA. Dolly's story is revolutionary, in that, before her birth, it was deemed unfeasible to make a somatic cell differentiate as if it were a fertilized egg. Dolly, conversely, changed that notion. She was created by taking a somatic cell from the udder of a white-faced sheep and depleting it of all nutrients so that it ceases to develop. It is then electrically fused with an egg taken from a black-faced sheep. The egg, having had its nucleus removed, is stripped of its DNA and therefore all genetic characteristics. Another electrical pulse incites the fused cell to begin dividing repeatedly like a normal embryo. Six days later, the one surviving embryo of 29, was implanted in the uterus of another black-faced sheep, who eventually gave birth to Dolly, an exact clone of the white-faced sheep, that provided the somatic udder cell.
The issue of cloning really came into the limelight, when it was learnt that a cloned sheep named Dolly was born around six years ago. This past week Dolly died. ... Dolly was created by cloning the stored and frozen udder cells of a sheep that had been dead for years. ... Dolly was said to be a very outgoing and friendly sheep. ... Dolly changed cloning research overnight. ...
In Dolly's case a cell was taken from the udder of another sheep and then placed in this solution (Milgram 123). ... In Dolly's case the cell was fused with another sheep's egg. ... "Since the introduction of Dolly, the cloned sheep, the world has not been quite the same. ... Dolly was a normal sheep that eventually went on to mate and have babies like any other normal sheep. ... Even the creator of the cloned sheep Dolly said he would, "find it offensive to clone a human being (McCuen 57)." ...
Since the February 1997 announcement of the birth of Dolly, a sheep cloned by Ian Wilmut, cloning research has increased considerably. ... The other is adult DNA cloning which is how Dolly was created. ... The technique that produced Dolly the sheep was successful in only 1 out of 277 attempts. ... Ian Wilmut, one of the creators of Dolly, discovered later that Dolly was aging prematurely. ... The cell that was used to create Dolly came from a female sheep at age six. ...
When Dolly, the sheep who was cloned on February 24, 1997 in Edinburgh Scotland, was finally born; Dolly's creator, Dr. ... If you could even call Dolly a success. Dolly had numerous issues after birth. The average age of a sheep is from nine to twelve years. ... This is half the lifespan of a normal sheep. ...
Scottish scientist created a cloned sheep named Dolly in 1997 ("Bonsor"). Dolly opened the door of opportunities for scientist across the world. ... It involves inserting DNA into an unfertilized sheep egg to produce a lamb with identical DNA ("Wachbroit"). ... Using the same technique that produced Dolly, researchers have cloned a number of large and small animals including sheep, goats, mice and cows. ... Dolly lived a life with no abnormalities or health problems. ...
On July 5, 1996, Dolly the sheep was born. ... Dolly is one of the most famous sheep in the world. ... The cloning of Dolly was a major achievement in genetics. Dolly was euthanized by lethal injection on February 14, 2003 (Nardo, 2007). ... The creation of Dolly opened the floodgates to animal cloning. ...
They used open area "sods" as grazing land for sheep. After leaving, their name stuck with the area, with the German Dahle being translated to Dolly. ... Loggers originally avoided much of the Dolly Sods mainly due to it being hard to penetrate. ... By 1920 the whole of the Dolly Sods and most of West Virginia had been completely clear-cut. ... Today a variety of plant and animal species flourish in the naturally acidic soil of the Dolly Sods. ...
However, the creation of Dolly represents a unique advance for cloning. Dolly, was cloned by using the method of nuclear transfer. ... This process has been repeated with mice, sheep, monkey's, etc. ... What happened in Dolly's case is that Ian Willmut and his team of scientists took a nucleus from a Finn Dorset sheep and substituted it with a nucleus of an egg from ! ... The other important thing about Dolly is that her genes came from a dead sheep. ...
Recently, cloning has became a hot topic around all over the world after Scotland scientists announced that they had cloned a sheep from an udder cell of a six-year old ewe. The story of this sheep: Dolly has been raised intense argument about cloning. ... For example, the possibilities of human cloning will be very low and people who want to clone have to take high risk and pay for huge mount of money because the Scottish team had implanted 29 times before they made Dolly. ...
