When this fundamental moral line is violated or obscured, many people become devalued and they become easily used for utilitarian purposes. Many believe that IVF turns children into commodities, rather than respecting the human dignity each and every individual should be assured. .
On the other hand, infertile couples who are really desperate for a child find IVF a miracle. For the first time, they get a chance to have their very own child. Before such technologies, infertile couples did not have a choice and for distraught couples, IVF works to help them. Many children are born of IVF every year, and they are just like any other human being, holding the same rights as any other naturally born person. .
On July 25, 1978, Louise Joy Brown, the world's first successful "test-tube" baby was born in Great Britain. Though the technology that made her conception possible was heralded as a triumph in medicine and science, it also caused many to consider the possibilities of AR. As many cheered this new medical breakthrough, others were worried about future implications. Ethicists, scientists, and many others begin to ponder when exactly life begins. If human life begins at conception, are doctors killing potential humans when they discard fertilized eggs? Is this process a foreshadowing of what is to come? Will there be surrogate mothers?.
Surrogacy and Baby M.
With the development of reproductive technology, childless couples have been given new hope for having a family. Some couples who otherwise could not conceive a child have explored the option of assisted reproductive technologies such as IVF. In some cases, couples have been turning to surrogacy as a possible solution to their infertility. Surrogacy is, by definition, an arrangement whereby a woman agrees to become pregnant and to bear a child for another person or persons to whom she will transfer custody at or shortly after birth.
Surrogate motherhood has been a controversial practice ever since the widely-publicized "Baby M" case in 1986.
