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Karl Marx


"11 Marx was able to study this working class and see how unjust the system was. While at the University of Berlin, Marx became immensely interested in Hegel. Heilbroner describes Hegel's thoughts as .
             Profound and forbidding, an elaboration on an immense scale of the ideas of Being and Becoming, which manifest themselves through all of nature and history in a vast process of self--transcendence called the dialectic.12 .
             Hegel's argument of the dialectic is the idea that change comes about as a result of conflict between two opposing movements.13 There is a thesis, antithesis, and a synthesis used to develop ideas through contradiction. In dialectics, contradiction "refers to the nature of those conflicting elemental processes that are believed to constitute the essence of reality itself."14 Kolakowski writes, "Hegelianism, [to Marx] was the interpretation of history as a progressive rationalization of the world in accordance with the ineluctable laws of the spirit."15 Marx took the idea of the dialectic and applied it to the development of society and the economy. He proved that the conditions under which a person lives and works affects the ways the person thinks.16 Hegel also believed the concept that a "universal mind" alienated people; Marx believed it was not the mind, but money which alienated people.17 Hands gives a quote from Marx's writings On the Jewish Question arguing, "money is the alienation essence of man's labor and life it dominates him as he worships it."18 Smulkstys writes, "In On the Jewish Question, [Marx] argues that the democratization of the state does not, after all, resolve alienation but merely transfers it from the political to the social sphere."19 Both class struggle and alienation are both a dialectical process, "class struggle as the contradiction imposed by the functioning of a mode of production, alienation as that imposed by the process of material advancement.


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