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Testicular Cancer


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             The treatment for testicular cancer is usually very successful. Most men can now be completely cured, even if the cancer has spread to other parts of the body.
             One part of the body in which cancer can form is the testicals. The testicles are two small oval-shaped organs suspended below the penis in a pouch of skin called the scrotum. They are part of the male reproductive system. From the age of puberty the cells lining the collecting tubules of the testicles produce sperm. It is not known exactly what causes testicular cancer. Although it is still quite rare, the number of men who develop it has been steadily increasing for the past few years. The reason for this is not known, but research is going on all the time into possible causes. Testicular cancer is more common in men who have a testicle which has failed to descend. In the unborn child the testicles develop inside the abdomen between the kidneys and descend into the scrotum at birth or during the first year of life. If they move down later, or need surgery to bring them down, this increases the risk of testicular cancer. .
             Men with a brother or father who has had testicular cancer are more at risk of developing it, although the risk is still small. A particular gene has been found in some men with testicular cancer. It is possible that this gene is inherited and may be the reason why testicular cancer sometimes occurs in brothers or sons of men who have had the disease. Testicular cancer is more common in white people than black people. It occurs more commonly in wealthier social groups. The reasons for this are not known. The commonest symptom is swelling in part of one testicle. This is usually painless, but some people may notice an ache in their lower abdomen or in the affected testicle. There may be a feeling of "heaviness" in the scrotum. In a few people the testicle suddenly becomes swollen and very tender.
             When a normal testicle is examined it is round, soft and smooth.


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