Due to rapid urbanization, there was no order in these rapidly growing European cities. Factory workers suffered from poor working conditions and lived in unsanitary and unsafe buildings. Some employees labored through twelve-hour work shifts, with poor nutrition, poor living conditions and completing tedious tasks. Before the Industrial Revolution, these people were self-employed, which was less demanding and allowed them to work at their own rate. After the Industrial Revolution, they worked for other people and therefore lost control ov

In the late nineteenth century, women were accused of holding a “birth strike.” Many people believed that the use of birth control by many middle class women was causing the declining birthrate. Others felt that birth control negatively implied that a woman was free of motherhood. It was believed that upper class women should have larger families, instead of increasing the number of children in the lower class. That way, society would be more prosperous. Another way of solving the problem of declining birthrates and corrupt population was a reform in marriage. If wives were no longer considered second-class citizens, they would be more willing to have children. Divorce was also seen as a step to a more happy and fertile marriage with someone else. By the early twentieth century, several countries provided government subsidies to mothers in need, such as Great Britain giving small maternal allowances.

In the late nineteenth century, with increased improved technology, there was less of a demand for skilled workers in the factories. The machinery was much more advanced allowing almost anyone to easily operate. Employers hired unskilled workers since they were willing to work for lower wages. Also, they were so desperate that they would wor

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