In October of 1962 American spy planes discovered that the Soviets were secretly installing nuclear-armed missiles ninety-miles off the Florida coast, in Cuba. Secret meetings were held by John F. Kennedy to decide what to do. Kennedy flatly refused the air-force proposals for bombing strikes on the missile launching sites, but he did decide to set up a navel blockade around Cuba to prevent the ingress of more missiles. This was one of the Excom options, which was the idea of McNamara.