In Muslim history we can see from the writings of Muhammad that anyone who spoke Arabic as their first or main language was classed as Arabic, it was not a classification of geography or birth (Zahoor, 1992). This language was the main language of the Muslim world between 800 – 1500 C E (common era). It is well known that the current numerical system originates from the Arabic but there are many other aspects of the world today that date back to this culture.

One of the most influential surgeons to pass on his knowledge was that of Abul Qasim Al-Zahravi known as Albucasis who was well known in the middle ages and attracted patients from Europe as well as the Muslim countries (Zahoor, 1992). Just as with many of the Muslim scholars he did not just practice, but also recorded what he practised by way of a written record in the form of a thirty one volume encyclopaedia ''Al-Tasrif li man ajaz an-il-talif' (Zahoor, 1992). Had it not been for these comprehensive written records than mush of what they learned may have been lost rather than have the influence that it did.

The instruments he developed included throat that could be used to examine internally the ears and the throat and treatments described from his practice also included the development and use of drugs and medicines such as dietetics and the use of silk for stitching wounds (Zahoor, 1992). He also added to the world of dentistry with oral surgery and an understanding of malformed teeth and corrective procedures and the development of false teeth made from animal bones (Zahoor, 1992).

Gerard of Cremona translated this work in the middle ages into Latin, form where it was translated into many other languages such as Hebrew, French and English (Zahoor, 1992). Guy de Chauliac a well known French surgeon who lived in the fourteenth century even added a copy of this work after his own and the book itself continued to be published up until 1778 when it was published in Oxford (Zahoor, 1992).

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