... about the diminishing Indonesian rainforests because they "swamped Mattel's offices with emails" disapproving the methods used for the packaging of their dolls. From the logical standpoint, the author succeeds in using logos and supporting his argument that Mattel's ways of destroying rainforests are unethical and should be opposed by the audience of the article. An important device the ... conservationists, the audience of this article, Greenpeace is an environmental organization that seeks to expose global environmental problems using creative methods. By using the organization's name i...

• Word Count: 1029
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Graduate

... consistency. All five chapters of the book focus mainly on transgender issues, with minor and considerate glances on controversies affecting the LGBTQ spectrum. Throughout the book, the author fluidly transitions her arguments from the transgender's perspectives towards a careful deliberation on the laws that is perhaps imbalanced, unjust, and ultimately, perplexed and unexercised. Although the ... pertaining to transgender employment protections, it has its own limitations. The participants whom Bender-Baird interviewed were predominantly Caucasians, if not mixed. As a qualitative resea...

• Word Count: 1525
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Graduate

... of 1941, caused a new sense of ethnic and national identity within the Japanese American community. In Jane Naomi Iwamura's article, "Japanese Americans and the Birth of a New Civil Religion,"" the author argues that: "what has emerged from the collective experience of war and internment is a faith that is tied to no particular religious tradition, but that takes racial-ethnicity identity as ... middle of the article she goes into great detail about the Japanese American National Museum. Though this does play an important role in remembering the internment of Japanese Americans, the aut...

• Word Count: 1127
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Graduate

... "To what extent are the contemporary social deprivation theories merely substitution notions of environmental immutability fatalism for earlier notions of biologically determined educational unmodifiability."(p 17) Although the author shares Mr. Clark's position and is aware of the dangers presented by institutionalized cultural racism, he does not believe it to be an insurmountable obstacle to multiracial ... the widespread belief among the disadvantaged African-American class that their situation continues to exist primarily as a result of racial discrimination, independent of nonracia...

• Word Count: 1618
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Graduate

... perception of the natives as little more than property or in Marlow's word, "machinery ... statuary."" In addition to this point the author show by creation of scenes where the colonists' negative attitude and flawed perception of the natives are directly related to or are the ... he is witness to increases as he continues to plunge ever closer to the centre of the jungle and the homicidal megalomania of Kurtz the author uses thought provocative sentence and structure to depict his expedition both drawing ever closer to and penetrating deeper into the "Heart of Darkness- both ... compr...

• Word Count: 1006
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Graduate

... are some people happier than others? To understand this question, you must first understand the cognitive and motivational processes that serve to maintain, and even enhance, continuing happiness. The author of this article explores the relevant psychological processes, such as social comparison, dissonance reduction, self-reflection, self-evaluation, and person perception, in chronically happy and unhappy individuals. In ... this essay, I will summarize the purpose and content of the article. First, the author evaluates the impact of social comparison in relation to happiness. Social co...

• Word Count: 866
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Graduate

In the text, "Two Cheers for Brown V. Board of Education," author Clayborne Carson shares his explicit opinions as to the actual effectiveness of the all-famous civil rights case Brown V. Board of Education. Seeing from the first sentence ... historical look on what actually happened because of the result of this case, and the racial dilemmas that came with it. The historical background are an effort from the author to show the reader that this famous case which has been made to look like a positive thing did not do to much to actually help the African American people ... of this case br...

• Word Count: 938
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Graduate

... a deep connection with her surrogate parents to attain an important perception of belonging through which she can cope. In order to accurately depict the necessity of such a bond however, the author immediately establishes these barriers in the opening lines of the chapter, using anaphora to list, "I'm about to start a new school." I'm an only child" and other such negative ... . The way in which these sentences are separated into individual paragraphs is indicative of her recognition of these adversities however, and emphasizes the importance of the message to come. The author immediate...

• Word Count: 1791
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: Graduate

... last century have affected the ways in which teenage girls regard their bodies and themselves. By the use of various historical documents, including the many diaries of adolescent women, the author looks at the developing attitudes towards such issues as physical occurrences like that of menarche which we know as "menstruation" and skin conditions such as acne. Brumberg also focuses on ... the shift in emphasis from "good works" to "good looks", and the changing relationships between teenagers and parental importance. The author allows us as a modern day society to come and understand h...

• Word Count: 759
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Graduate

... times. However, he does believe that history can be employed to modernity when adopting only the "strengths of the past" as opposed to historic weaknesses (Nietzsche, 34). The author develops his argument by using the animal's ability to forget or "live unhistorically," as a demonstration of pursuing happiness by living in the present (Nietzsche, 34). In contrast, Nietzsche ... with Nietzsche's belief in forgetting history because it eliminates the qualitative and progressive differences between history and modernity. Instead Nietzsche believes history is a threat to modern man's happin...

• Word Count: 1000
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Graduate

... human welfare by inducing popular control of society through an emphasis on the values of liberty, solidarity and egalitarianism in the structure of society itself. For example, French Anarcho-communist author Daniel Guerin outlines the manner in which anarchism would organize the workplace by the form of worker self-management known as syndicalism. Similarly, American Anarcho-communist ... author Eddie Conlon stresses the potential of decentralized universal healthcare as shown in revolutionary Spain based upon mutual concern without the hand of privatization and organized based throug...

• Word Count: 1276
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Graduate

... pronouncements defending revolutions, attacking paternalistic government, and upholding free expression of unpopular opinions. In France, Locke's philosophy was taken over by the leaders of the French Enlightenment, notably by the author and philosopher Voltaire. He insisted that the state should be supreme over the church and demanded universal religious toleration, abolition of censorship, lenient punishment of criminals, and a strong state acting ... crisis at this time, in relation to democracy and economic power, that was important to its later development. On the one hand, some de...

• Word Count: 788
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Graduate

... Derrida questions in his deconstruction of the speaking/writing opposition. To classical theorists of language, a key distinguishing feature of writing is that it functions even in the absence of the author or authorial intention because it exists as a recording, while speech functions to directly signify only present intentions. However, Derrida points out that all signs are iterable, that is, they signify ... the same concepts every time they are repeated, whether or not the speaker is saying what she means. Thus, the death of the author (the absence informing writing) applies equally...

• Word Count: 1219
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Graduate

... learn "academic discourse- in the areas of reading and writing. Academic discourse involves the development of an academic identity and to think as a member of the academic community. Gloria Anzaldua, author of "How to Tame a Wild Tongue,"" would argue that imposing mandatory requirements to learn this new way of thinking called "academic discourse- are both oppressive and objectionable. She would take ... this stance because of the beliefs she expresses in her passage relating to the oppressive nature of imposing the English language on Chicano's. Richard Rodriguez, author of "Aria,"" ...

• Word Count: 1430
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Graduate

... humanists such as Battista Guarino and Aeneas Sylvius Piccolomini asserted that a man must study the humanities to acquire virtue and to attain enlightenment. Likewise, Baldassare Castiglione, an Italian diplomat and author, instructed modern Renaissance gentleman in The Book of the Courtier to become learned in a wide variety of subjects including the humanities, classical poetry, and in writing verse and prose. These ... mid-seventeenth century shows, Renaissance educators felt that the lower class and poor, who provided cheap labor to the rich, did not need an education. In the view ...

• Word Count: 1240
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Graduate

... norms will have a direct effect in the member states. This difference of viewpoints on the level of integration of the WTO regulatory framework has broad consequences since it leads each author to address in a different way the issue of the internal choices that the EU has to make in reaction to this integration. Farrell understands that the contradiction between the guiding ... an effective system for the regulation of competition." Farrell first argues that the EU may exert a political influence within the WTO by resorting to the dispute settlement mechanisms. Indeed, the author notes...

• Word Count: 1954
• Approx Pages: 8
• Grade Level: Graduate

... discourse, similarities in phraseology [aklea vs. klea andron (¶1.1) or the use of grand terms such as 'the cities of mortals'], and the presence of tangential stories that the author considers worth telling, though they are not directly relevant to the plot. This demonstrates Herodotus standing in a murky, grey area between accurate history and the tradition of glorifying the past ... ...

• Word Count: 2143
• Approx Pages: 9
• Grade Level: Graduate

... within the United States. One of the most notable was the migration of the Chinese in the late 19th and early 20th century. In the novel "Bone", the author Fae Myenne Ng depicts the representation of assimilation of an ethnic minority through the main character Leila and her family. The novel speaks to the development of the notion that ... ...

• Word Count: 1094
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Graduate

Graham Greene, the author of the novel 'Brighton Rock' uses a variety of methods to create narrative interest in what can be described as 'bleak', 'depressing' or 'hopeless' material. Greene uses ... ...

• Word Count: 1151
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Graduate

... by using evocative and poetic language in order to draw on emotions of his parents to express their true feelings. This enables the reader to identify with both Baker as author and as a second-generation son of Holocaust survivors. This lends the text an intergenerational focus that makes it more powerfully resonant. The use of italics to document exact recollections of ... ...

• Word Count: 727
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Graduate

... focusing on increasing voter convenience which in turn, it is argued, will increase voter quantity and therefore election results will "reflect better the will of the general public." For the author, Internet voting in today's democracy will create higher levels of participation as this method is attractive to those who may not normally vote due to inconvenience. The inconvenience of voting ... ...

• Word Count: 806
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Graduate

In "Reclaiming the Enlightenment: Toward a Politic of Radical Engagement," author Stephen Eric Bronner emphasizes the connection between the Enlightenment ideas and contemporary society and the need for modification in the way of presenting the Enlightenment ideas. He presents this argument ... ...

• Word Count: 968
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Graduate

... that "Notwithstanding the pity of the people, the intercession of the ladies, and the applause her chastity and magnanimity deserved, Violenta was condemned to be beheaded" (170). The author's refusal to levy the appropriate punishment of having Violenta burned at the stake ends the story not with the usual horror and loathing at the depravity of female violence, but ... ...

• Word Count: 1986
• Approx Pages: 8
• Grade Level: Graduate

Evelyn Waugh's 1930 novel Vile Bodies is filled to the brim with wit and satire; the author seemingly makes fun of all his characters and has no mercy even for the old and frail. Nevertheless, some of his more complex and, in my opinion, moving satire is ... ...

• Word Count: 1494
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Graduate

... underfunded or plausibly ignored in the process. Also, localities that lack certain guidance and control unlike the Miami Beach budget process result in "Christmas list budgeting". According to John Mikesell, author of Fiscal Administration, this process creates unrealistic requests that are then cut without much thought of other programs and priorities. Budgeting problems such as these tends to arise in smaller ... ...

• Word Count: 1254
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Graduate