... extreme cold. Desert animals cope with heat and water shortage by remaining below ground by day. In tundra and on polar ice, winter air temperatures can fall to below -40 C (-40 F). The few animals that do remain active on land or ice during winter, such as seals and male emperor penguins, rely on a thick layer of insulating fat to prevent their body ... , oyster, morel, chanterelle, wood or tree ear, truffle, matsutake, and shiitake. Other fungi are used in the manufacture of foods. Yeast, for example, is added to fruit juice, to produce wine, used in the manufacturing of beer, and adde...

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... will produce if the amount of human-generated greenhouse gases is not significantly reduced in the very near future. Gore also presents Antarctic ice coring data showing CO2 levels higher now than in the past 650,000 years. The film includes segments intended to refute critics who ... say that global warming is unproven or that warming will be insignificant. For example, Gore discusses the possibility of the collapse of a major ice sheet in Greenland or inWest Antarctica, either of which could raise global sea levels by approximately 20 feet, flooding coastal areas and produc...

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... had increased about 0.5 degrees C since the late 19th century (within a range of 0.3 and 0.6 degrees C). The IPCC used this and other data gathered from fossil records, ice core drillings, tree ring analyses, marine sediment cores and the like to develop global weather models designed to account for past global temperature changes and predict future temperature scenarios. Prominent ... temperature maps. Several scientists have taken measurements over the past 5 years that also suggest that "heat islands- caused by urbanization have distorted thermometer readings. Several studies of ice c...

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... of the eastern two-thirds of the United States in 1999. Coastal regions, where half the human population lives, will feel the adverse effects of rising sea levels as the ice caps melt under rising ocean temperatures. If the present melting continues, the sea could rise as much as 6 feet by the middle of the next century. Melting glaciers, early ... ice thaw rising global temperatures will speed the melting of glaciers, and ice caps, and cause early ice thaw on rivers and lakes. The area of the Arctic covered by sea ice declined by about 6 percent between 1978 and 1995. Arctic ice thickn...

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... is just another part of a natural cycle. (Smith 5) One scientist even mentioned that the temperature increase might be a rebound from a slight Ice Age in 1950- 1980. (Parsons 5) There are many causes behind global warming. Countless years of research have been devoted to pinpointing the specific ... period of warmth until 1950. Starting in 1950 and ending in 1980 global temperature models showed a decrease in the average temperature suggesting another Little Ice Age. Carbon dioxide levels have also decreased having people think that maybe the temperature and CO2 levels have something in...

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... the biotic world primarily through a process known as photosynthesis, which will be explained fully later on. It returns to the atmosphere through respiration, decay and burning. A unique process known as ice-core research has allowed scientist to accurately estimate levels of gases in the atmosphere for nearly the last 1 million years. Put simply ... , ice-core research involves drilling deep into the glacial ice in places such as Greenland and Antarctica and analysing the air trapped in the ice. This research shows that carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere has remained relati...

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... call the tropopause a "thermal layer" or "cold trap" because this is a point where rising water vapour cannot go higher because it changes into ice and is trapped. If there is no cold trap, Earth would lose all its water! Most of what we call weather occurs in the troposphere ... and eventually condenses, usually on tiny particles of dust in the air. When it condenses it becomes a liquid again or turns directly into a solid (ice, hail or snow). These water particles then collect and form clouds. Precipitation Precipitation in the form of rain, snow and hail comes from clouds. ... They ma...

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... heat, which struck the elderly" ("Issues and Controversies: Global Warming "). Until human populations soared and began burning fossil fuels, greenhouse gases remained in relative balance. This affected climates to produce ice ages and heat waves that were the result of natural variation caused by sudden fluctuations in the sun's emission of radiation, volcanic eruptions and other affects. Also an increase in ... has forced shoreline residents to move. "A study published in the March 7 issue of the journal Science provided evidence that the disintegration of polar ice shelves led to the...

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... the world's temperatures, believed to be caused in part by the greenhouse effect and depletion of the ozone layer."" This process increases the earth's temperatures causing the melting of ice glaciers and other detrimental effects to plague the earth. Fossil fuel burning, disintegration of the ozone layer and deforestation all play factors in the dangerous global warming process. With ... Earth Radiation "This dramatic increase in carbon dioxide has led some scientist to predict a global warming scenario that could cause numerous environmental problems, including disrupted weather patter...

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... it would otherwise be. Current life on Earth could not be sustained without the natural greenhouse effect. Weather stations, balloons, ocean buoys, and satellites tell us the Earth's temperature today. Ice cores, sediment layers, and tree rings tell us about what the Earth's climate has been like in the past. With this evidence, scientists are learning how climate changes over time ... 2 to 6 ∘F over the next one hundred years. This may not sound like much, but it could change the Earth's climate as never before. At the peak of the last ice age (18,000 years ago), the temperature...

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... continues at the current rate" (Effects). A section, larger than the state of Rhode Island, around 40 percent of the 12,000 year old ice shelf in Antarctica - Larson B - collapsed in March of 2002 (Antarctic). "The area covered by sea ice [in the Arctic Ocean has] declined by about 6 percent from 1978 to 1995" (Global, Impact). In the past several decades a 40 percent ... decline in Arctic Sea-Ice has been measured (EPA, Impacts). "During 82 years on record, four out of the five earliest thaws on the Tanana River occurred in the 1990's" (Global, Impact). With the melting ... ...

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... weather patterns, for example, the tropical monsoons and jet streams are altered. A warming of about 4 C, to which we may be committed in less than 50 years, would result in an ice-free Artic Ocean which will not only devastate arctic ecosystems, but will further climate change and weather. A warming of this extent could also begin an irreversible disintegration of the West ... Antarctic ice sheets which would result, within a few hundred years, in a further rise in sea level by at least 6 meters. The following greenhouse gases contribute to global warming at different degrees. Carbon ....

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... 10-15% CH4 - 12-20% O3 - 8 % N2O - 5% Total: 40-50% CO2: 50-60% Environmental Impacts green plants and the biosphere (natural and domesticated) hydrology: Sea-level changes (predicted to rise), ice cap and glacier melting. Human responses: stress induced from need to change behavior. Environmental Impacts Economic (investment in problem solving such as coastal defenses, research or crop forecasts). climatic effects ... : global warming >2 C Most warming in high latitude regions Earlier snowmelt, lesser amounts of sea ice (aeral extent). Environmental Impacts more precipitation. more evap...

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... in to the air. If we keep making the pollution, we will be in the serious problem. If the temperature increases continue at the present rate, the ice will disappear. After that, the ice is nowhere to go but into the oceans. In statistic, the world's oceans will rise by about 18 cm by 2030 and perhaps 58 cm by 2090. It ... ...

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... between five and nine degrees by the middle of the 21st century accompanied by a sea-level rise of one to four feet. Once the temperature reaches a certain threshold, the polar ice caps will began to melt. While those living in the Arctic may find that a nice surprise, the implications for the rest of the world are serious. Even a partial melting of ... the polar ice caps will cause sea levels to rise so much as to completely wipe out most coastal cities. This includes such big cities such as San Francisco and New York. Those ... ...

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... in to the air. If we keep making the pollution, we will be in the serious problem. If the temperature increases continue at the present rate, the ice will disappear. After that, the ice is nowhere to go but into the oceans. In statistic, the world's oceans will rise by about 18 cm by 2030 and perhaps 58 cm by 2090. It ... ...

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... that the world is warming at an increasing rate. (Grollier's Pro/Con vol. 4) Q: Are there any consequences as a result of global warming? A: Some noted consequences are: "Retreating glaciers, thinning arctic ice, rising sea levels, lengthening of growing seasons for some, and earlier arrival of migratory birds." This statement is also from the National Academy of Sciences web site. Q: Wouldn't those be ... considered negative consequences? A: Yes, and there are many reasons why they are negative. Q: What are some of those reasons? A: Retreating glaciers and thinning arctic ice mean that...

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... effects of global warming. One effect of global warming is the rising of the seas. "Atmospheric warming will cause ocean volume to expand as it is heated, and glaciers and ice sheets will melt rapidly; with runoff pouring into the sea" (Kraljic 71). This is going to happen because as learned in science when ... ice water is heated, it expands, and it increases in volume. When this does occur "... the 275 small island states of the Republic of Maldives may disappear..." (Kraljic 70). Another effect ... ...

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The "hockey stick" describes a reconstruction of temperatures over the past 1000 to 2000 years using tree-rings, ice cores, coral and other records that act as proxies for temperature (Mann 1999). The reconstruction found that global temperature gradually cooled over the last 1000 years with a sharp upturn in ... ...

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... and weather change. Over the last century temperature of Earth increased up to 0.7 *C (1.3F), which already brought damage into important factors of life. Whole earth is warming up, each summer ice melts very fast since 1950s, and the growing seasons are longer more than two weeks, species and animals being pushed to new territories by nature in 12 miles average farther ... ...

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... . Histories of archaeology often refer to its impact as the "radiocarbon revolution". Radiocarbon dating has allowed key transitions in prehistory to be dated, such as the end of the last ice age, and the beginning of the Neolithic and Bronze Age in different regions....

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... to rise beyond the mean height between high tide and low tide. This is due to the increase in heat leading to thermal expansion of seawater and melting glaciers and ice sheets which both increase the volume of seawater. Over the past 20 years, the sea level rise has been 3.2mm a year, roughly twice the speed of the preceding 80 years ... ...

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... warming has a tremendous impact on biodiversity and climatic conditions of the planet. Several current trends clearly demonstrate that global warming is directly impacting on rising sea levels, the melting of ice caps and significant worldwide climate changes. After the industrial revolution, we can understand the vital role of how humans are the major cause of global warming through air pollution, since ... ...

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... either due to the temperatures or the rise in sea level. Also, penguin populations have shrunk by 33 percent in the past 25 years due to "declines in winter sea-ice habitat"(nrdc). These facts show how global warming is harming our planet. The greenhouse gas emissions rate for the United States in the year 2000 was 14.2 percent above 1990 ... ...

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... scientific community. Fears of massive sea level increase, accompanied by many early discussion about global warming. Scientist afraid the sea level would increase onto land due to the melting of ice. It is now widely agreed that even the potential contribution of warming to sea level rise would be swamped by other more important factors (Moran, 1999). These factors include hazardous ... ...

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