... interesting questions. People must look into themselves and make the choices base on their own interpretations and experiences. This leaves humans very vulnerable as there is nothing to fall back on; the safety cushion is eliminated and this is a scary feeling. This is a challenge in life and brings about the realization ... it does not matter, the person prominently must know that it is wrong before they decide that the situation is okay. The next two values of service before self and excellence in all we do are more difficult and can be easily denied. Along with Sartre's example of th...

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... deduced from claims about the concept of God. Aquinas argued, "Not everyone who hears this word 'God' understands it to signify something than which nothing greater can be thought, seeing that some have believed God to be a body." This idea shows that since different people have different concepts of ... we can see why the Cosmology argument is so enticing. The belief, or better put, the question concerning the existence of God and the creation of the universe is "why?" Why is there something rather then nothing? Why all this? These questions are the basis of the Cosmological arguments be...

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... that to imply an infinite series is not only illogical, it also implies that nothing exists. Yet we know that things do exist, hence the infinite series is wrong. Let me explain a little better, Aquinas reasoned that whenever we take away the cause the effect is sequentially removed. ... While most will grant particles did not cause themselves, it is not evident that these particles cannot be uncaused. Professor Philips admits that there is nothing self-evident about the proposition that everything must have a cause in esse. From this comment I am reminded about a snide remark Schopenhau...

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... up, yet it can completely deteriorate things down to complete nothingness. Heraclitus views fire as "something" that is parallel to "nothing." Fire is nothing, yet it can break things down to make them into another material. It can break things down into their most simple element. The element of ... would perform on the triangle. Relations of ideas is when you think of the shape and think of the operations you would use. There is nothing that you have to have in your hands to work on this operation in your mind. Matters of fact are impressions or memories of impressions. ... what you sa...

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... states that to imply an infinite series is not only illogical, it also implies that nothing exists. Yet we know that things do exist, hence the infinite series is wrong. Let me explain a little better, Aquinas reasoned that whenever we take away the cause the effect is sequentially removed. ... causes always allow for something to exist. They then indicate that Locke failed to distinguish between 1.) There was a time at which nothing existed, and 2.) There is nothing, which did not have a beginning The existence of an eternal source is committed to the second cause not the first. Another ...

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God's Existence According to Anselm & Kant Anselm's ontological argument begins with the idea that God is something of which nothing greater can be conceived. He recognizes that some people say there is no God. However, while they may not believe in God, ... in reality is greater the existing only in the understanding. If existing in reality is greater, then God had better exist in reality, as well as in the understanding. Otherwise, we could conceive of something better, and God would no longer be the greatest conceivable being. Anselm's argument is presented to the reader in an ... to beco...

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... does not have the desire to do things. Page 44 of De Beauvoir's book affirms, " The world about him is bare and incoherent. Nothing ever happens; nothing desires merit or effort." This comment illustrates that the sub man becomes mentally lazy and is a couch potato in terms of doing things in life ... for herself. But what makes her nihilists is this. " The nihilist is right in thinking that the world possesses no justification and that he himself is nothing. But he forgets that it is up to him to justify the world and make himself exist validly." (57 De Beauvoir) Beth believes that she ...

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... choices to be made. Having evil in their world is a condition that is needed in making a genuine decision. A world where there is some evil is a better world than the one where no evil at all. Ultimately a perfect world cannot exist. It may for a certain time period be perfect, however according to Plato ... existed; it would mean that there would have been a time at which nothing existed; and thus nothing would exist today. " even now there would be nothing in existence because that which does not exist begins to exist only thorough something already existing." if nothing had existed bef...

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... , careless, and continue committing criminal offenses. Children should suffer the consequences of their own actions, and in doing so learn from their mistakes, and perhaps change their ways for the better. Furthermore, allowing children to remain unpunished, they will be free to roam the streets. This will only increase crime rates and people will be in danger. It is proposed that ... offenders into correctional facilities of people their own age over a period of time. In cases of less severe offenses, the offenders can be forced to serve several hours of community service as appointed b...

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... of the universe. Parmenides (ca. 515-440 BCE), Heraclitus" successor, believed that Being is rational, that only what can be thought can exist. Since "nothing" cannot be thought, without thinking of it as something, there is no nothing, there is only Being. Plato (427-347 BCE), who was one of the most powerful thinkers in history, emphasized the immortal and unchallengeable consciousness ... the universe is evident throughout Heraclitus" beliefs. Another philosopher, Parmenides believed that Being is rational, that only what can be thought can exist. Since "nothing" cannot be thought, w...

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... are by cause which is known as propter quid and effect which is demonstration quia. Every effect is dependable on its cause. From the effect we better understand the cause, and the previous cause could be demonstrated. The last and final article Aquinas used to help answer his question was whether or not ... God exists. The first objection to Aquinas was that God exists because of the definition of God. Nothing can be made without someone doing it. Therefore, God exists. Everything exists because God exists, and God exists because he is the highest word. An ... without an effect. To tak...

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... the existence of God, from the concept of God, and therefore his argument is a priori. "Proslogion Two," states, "God is that than which nothing greater can be conceived," even the fool, whom Anselm is trying to refute, must have an understanding of the idea God according to Anselm. The ... say, that he does not exist. To aid this, Peter Vardy gave the example of an envelope containing £1000. This envelope would evidently be better in reality, rather than simply in our minds, which Anselm believes to also be true of God. This leads to the second part of Anselm's ... conclude if it is p...

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... wants proof of his belief. To prove the existence of God, Anselm proposed the now famous ontological argument. His philosophy explains God as "that than which nothing greater can be conceived." Simply stated, he argues that such a being must exist in reality as well as in thought, or it would be possible ... he sets up the definition that God is " that to whom no one is superior."" Therefore, if we assume that there is nothing superior to the truth, the truth must be God. As you can see, this philosophy follows along a pattern similar to Anselm's " that than which ... nothing greater ca...

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... in God and you will go to heaven, but if you don't then you will pay dearly, granted there is a God. If there is not a God then nothing is truly lost from this practice. Just like if Santa exists, behave and Santa will visit leaving many goodies behind for the good girls and boys or misbehave and you ... one cannot just change their whole entire point of view and beliefs just because they have come to the conclusion that "oh wait what if there really is a God. I better start believing now or else I could really ruin things after I die." It just doesn't work that way. It's like saying to s...

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... Baruch Spinoza argues that all of these "choices" are illusory. To begin this line of thought, Spinoza claims that because God and nature cannot be divided, nothing is outside of nature. God, he says, has infinite attributes-or ways of being- that he has passed on to mankind in the form of thought ... of necessity rather than merely wanting to change, he has already perfected (according to Spinoza) a world and would not have to change anything because he has left nothing out (Spinoza, 1992; 77) On the subject of human action and passions, Spinoza believes that there is a sort of "limited...

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... tries to prove that there is something external to the mind. So he states the law of casualty. This basically says that nothing can be created from nothing, and that the less perfect can not create something more perfect or better than itself, and from that we had to be created by a greater being. Then if there is an idea in our minds ... . He is perfect and self evident. God could not have been conceived if there wasn't a god. Though Descartes says that the less perfect can not create something more perfect or better than itself, and that we are less perfect than god therefore we could ...

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... the Evil Genius imperfect. Since the Evil Genius is in control of what we think, Descartes is left questioning what is certain. Descartes explains that nothing is certain because the Evil Genius could just implant anything we think that is true or any idea that we have into us; this makes absolute ... all-powerful being called the "Evil Genius " that is absent of all good and love. This being implants thoughts and ideas into our mind, making nothing that we think to be true are certain. Because of the Evil Genius, Descartes has to doubt everything that exists including himself. Descarte...

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... . One group believed the bible was to be talked about and not debated while the other group believed that the bible should be argued and discussed in order to better our understanding of it. One of the most influential in this respect was Saint Anselm of Canterbury (1033-1109). Many of Saint Anselm's ideas have endured the test ... God's existence is known as the ontological argument. There are three basic things to consider as to this argument. First the term "God" is defined as a being than which nothing greater can be conceived (Anselm 2). Secondly, that existence in reality is greater...

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... want to speak of God's transcendence as only "in" the world rather than also "from" the world. Furthermore, Lodahl says nothing that would suggest that God has self existence that belongs only to God. A serious flaw in Lodahl's whole discussion of God's immanence and virtual identification ... the divine self that are entirely God's own (that are not world derived) and which demonstrate God's unilateral independence and distinction from creation. I see nothing in Lodahl's theology that supports this notion. As it is for Lodahl that "world" is so central to God and that as God ... be bu...

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... of Canterbury, a Christian philosopher. This argument basically stated that because we have a conception of an all-perfect being, which he defined as "that than which nothing greater can be conceived", it has to exist. In his essay Proslogion, St. Anselm conceived God as a being who possesses all conceivable perfection. But if this ... give five ways proving that God exists. The first objection to refute the claim that God exists mentions how "If God were to exist, nothing would be bad. But there are bad things in the world. Therefore, God does not exist." Based on the five ways Aquinas...

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... that whatever one speaks about or thinks about must in some sense exist. If it did not exist then it is nothing, so one would be speaking or thinking about nothing, which would be empty. It can be assumed that the existing thing did not just come into existence because saying that ... any unicorns roaming around, money trees growing on every corner, or any other common fantasies coming to fruition? If nothing ever changes then what do you call the transformation of a caterpillar into a butterfly? Parmenides also makes the assumption that thinking or speaking about ... nothing is empty....

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"Rene Descartes" Rene Descartes was born on March 31, 1596 in La Haye, France. Rene's father derived from a good family and wanted nothing but the best for his sons and daughter. At the tender age of eight, Rene was sent to Jesuit College of La Fleche where he studied a wide variety of subjects ... for this solution to be plausible, Descartes says that God has given us the ability to improve that intellect, through work and study, hence it is within our means to better our intellect considerably, leading to his assimilation of wisdom and virtue. It also follows that evil is a product of a li...

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... world's support. God did not become greater by making us because that would mean that God was subject to potentiality and God cannot change. God is lacking nothing. God is not a principal of motion because God does not occur in time. Furthermore, Anselm takes the example of a fool. He states that a fool ... made by Anselm in the 11th century that we know that God exists simply by understanding the concept of God. God is that greater than which nothing can be conceived, and it is evident that such a being must exist St. Thomas Aquinas argues the existence of God by stating five proofs. ...

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... Since the universe had a beginning it had to have a cause, the universe is an effect, and by definition there is no effect without a cause. Nothing causeless happens. So Nicholas 2 then the question is asked who or what created the universe, (a) an existence before it, i.e., some eternal, uncaused First Cause ... different nature. In connection to this, an important fact to consider is, if there had ever been a time when nothing existed then nothing would exist now. It is evident that nothing produces nothing. In light of this, since something exists now, it must follow logically that som...

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... those lofty perfections, of which the mind may have some slight conception, without, however, being able fully to comprehend them-and who is wholly superior to all defect [and has nothing that marks imperfection] ; whence it is sufficiently manifest that he cannot be a deceiver, since it is a dictate of the natural light that all fraud and deception spring from some defect ... true; and, at the same time, is explained wherein consists the nature of error; points that require to be known as well for confirming the preceding truths, as for the better understanding of those that are to fol...

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