... all across the country. Maybe it should have never passed by the Supreme Court at all. Betts vs. Brady should have never been overturned and should have remained the common practice throughout the country. The Supreme Court overlooked many important factors in deciding Gideon vs. Wainwright. This case should have been just another case decided by the standard that Betts vs ... to provide, along with a lawyer, a private investigator, a psychiatrist, and bail payment. Other more sophisticated things would also have to be provided to criminals who were short on funds. Blood tests and DNA t...

• Word Count: 885
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: High School

... implements, counterfeiters' tools, burglars' tools, smuggled goods, obscene literature, narcotics, illegal firearms and any article the possession of which is a crime or which may be used in evidence. (Encarta Online) The warrant must specify the place where the search is to be made and the property to be seized. An officer cannot get a warrant from a judge in any circumstance. (Grolier ... to have a search warrant before using wiretapping. This applies to any and all people. (Katz v. U.S.) Along with the first eight amendments, the 4th Amendment deals with personal freedom. (Encarta On...

• Word Count: 1323
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: High School

... , sex, or national origin. Johnson signed this bill into law on July 2, 1964. Title 1 of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 banned unequal use of voting registration requirements. All literacy tests were to be given in writing. Title 2 prohibited discrimination in public accommodations based on race, color, religion, or national origin. It gave the Attorney General the right to bring civil ... action where there was cause to believe there was a pattern or practice of violation of these rights. Title 3 permitted the department of justice to assure the desegregation of state or locally owned, op...

• Word Count: 6511
• Approx Pages: 26
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... by randomly testing students in their schools. The majority of the drug testing going on around the nation involves students that take part in sports and other extracurricular activities. This practice exhibits a complete lack of fairness and trust towards young athletes. Drug use obviously does go on with high school students, but singling out athletes for a random drug test is not ... 23 million high schools and middle schools to receive a drug test before joining an extracurricular activity. This comes just seven years after schools were granted permission to take random urinalysis t...

• Word Count: 917
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: High School

... but testing only for recreational drugs, and at a very high cost, makes many disbelievers of the system. What exactly is the point of these tests? High school sports have become very competitive among many schools. It is often more than just a game, and athletes find themselves training in some ... Many supporters say that there objective is to "level the playing field." This is an understandable explanation, however the idea becomes ridiculous because the tests only screen for recreational drugs (marijuana, cocaine, amphetamines, etc.)and not steroids, or those that increase an athletes ...

• Word Count: 495
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: High School

... concern for many companies in the recent years. More companies are beginning to use it and more people are starting more to have problems with it. The tests are now more than ever seen as a way to stop the problems of drug abuse in the workplace. This brings up a very large question. ... For example a polygraph has been known to make mistakes so this cannot be the sole source of information. The procedure in which the tests are taken is a major concern. This decision went all the way to the Supreme Court. Samuel K. Skinner v. Railway Labor Executives Association found that urine ... ris...

• Word Count: 1159
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: High School

... up is to be a part of the ever growing internet community. You can do anything from chat with friends to research a history project to buy airline tickets online. At the moment, the Internet is the perfect example of our first amendment, free speech. It is a place where a person can speak their mind without being ... Court upheld the ruling deeming the CDA unconstitutional. The next censorship bill that went through congress and was signed by then president Bill Clinton was the Child Online Protection Act. It stated that there would be penalties for harmful material that was circulated to...

• Word Count: 1509
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... up is to be a part of the ever growing internet community. You can do anything from chat with friends to research a history project to buy airline tickets online. At the moment, the Internet is the perfect example of our first amendment, free speech. It is a place where a person can speak their mind without being ... she can look at such sites without mom or dad one finding out. The second is to put time restrictions on when a child can get online. If a child can only get online during a time when at least one parent is home then the child will be less likely to look at something he is n...

• Word Count: 819
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: High School

... Oregon doctors who participate in PAS. Congress is currently considering to override the Justice Department (What is the Current Law Regarding Assisted Suicide? Online). One of the most vocal supporters of physician assisted suicide would have to be Dr. Jack Kevorkian. He started writing about euthanasia in ... believer in free choice and feels that the terminally ill are entitled to a humane and peaceful death to end their suffering (Profile: Dr. Death. Online). EXPLANATION OF THE ISSUE Many people who oppose physician assisted suicide feel that anyone who expresses the wish to die are ...

• Word Count: 1606
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... right as a citizens because of the13th and 14th amendments ( 1856 and 1868), but hatred and inequality could not be ratified as the constitution was. More laws were being made to practice the saying "we all equal under the eyes of the law". Yet, not one of laws were actually being followed, even in the supreme court. According to document F, racial profiling ... in public places and by employers, unions, and voting registrars. In 1965, Congress yet again passed another voting rights bill. The bill suspended use of literacy or other voter-qualification tests that had sometimes served to ...

• Word Count: 948
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: High School

... recently took place at the White House about this subject. Several industry leaders and the government agreed to try to originate a variety of systems to block and regulate controversial online speech. Despite the Supreme Court these leaders are inching toward the dangerous and incorrect understanding that the Internet is like television and should be rated and/or censored. During this ... meeting many announcements took place. Netscape, a major online server, proclaimed their plans to join Microsoft, a major computer company, and adopt the Platform for Internet Content Selection (PICS)...

• Word Count: 657
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: High School

... to play football. The Vernonia School District has a policy that all students on a sports team must participate in a random drug testing. These tests would be taken at random to 10% of the team every week. Before these drug tests could be done, the student and the student's family had to sign a consent form that okayed the drug testing. When James brought this ... that students who voluntarily participate in school activities have reason to expect intrusions upon normal rights and privileges, including privacy. The court also saw that since the results of the tests were disclosed only t...

• Word Count: 951
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: High School

... their citizens. Some state governments passed laws that made it almost impossible for black males to exercise their newly-won right. Some of the laws enacted were poll taxes, literacy tests, and grandfather clauses. Poll taxes required citizens to pay a tax before they could vote. Since most former slaves were very poor, they were unable to pay the tax. In a number ... of the states, poor white men were allowed to vote even when they could not pay the poll tax. There were also literacy tests, which required men to take tests to prove that they could read and write before they were allow...

• Word Count: 2017
• Approx Pages: 8
• Grade Level: High School

... Capital punishment is probably the most controversial act of criminal justice. The electric chair, gas chamber, and lethal injection are targets of protest across the nation. In certain states DNA tests have proven death row inmates innocent. One example is Illinois Governor George Ryan. Days before Ryan left office, he cited seventeen death row inmates had been proven to be innocent ... penalty is not always the most effective method of punishment. In Illinois, seventeen people would have been murdered for crime they did not commit had it not been for DNA tests and the governor's citat...

• Word Count: 1420
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... getting away with murder. Nearly 430 000 Americans die each year from smoking related diseases. An estimated 730 000 adolescent smokers will begin each year. (American Lung Association Fact Sheet. Online 1999) That should be an outrage to every American out there. Tobacco laws need to be stricter in this country and advertising of the product should be banned. Two major ... and sales. There needs to be more tougher penalties and fines for people who sell to minors or buy for minors. In another study done by the American Lung Association (Online, 1999) it says Thirty percent of teens tha...

• Word Count: 1233
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: High School

Constitution's Significance and Law in America The definition of constitution is the act or process of composing, setting up or establishing (Websters Dictionary online). When I think of constitution I think of our "founding father's", the ones who established our governemnt and function. I am reminded of why they came over here. I think of the Constitution as ... sick, and have extreme moral contradictions with it. As Im sure so did our Supreme Court justices. The Child Pornography Prevention Act of 1996 made it a federal crime to post online computer-generated child pornography. Now as hor...

• Word Count: 969
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: High School

... the Internet, as they demonstrate the epitome of pooling resources to benefit all of its users. "There are about 900 million files available to download from peer-to-peer networks online for free,"" according to the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). There is no possible way to have control of where the files go. So why would anyone try to ... control it now? Although P2P file sharing is highly despised by many artist, it is the most popular online activity. Fred Von Lohmann, legal representative of Morpheus , a popular P2P file-sharing program said, "The current way comp...

• Word Count: 867
• Approx Pages: 3
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... rulebook for other golfers. He also said the PGA will use the language in the decision to create a "framework" for handling future requests for rule exemptions from disabled golfers (CNN Online News Article. U.S. Supreme Court hears arguments in disabled golfer case ). PGA Commissioner Tim Finchem spoke in his State of the Tour Message: "This is an issue first and foremost about ... , PGA of America, not just the PGA TOUR, but those are the individuals in their own areas that should be the final determinator of the rules of the game." (CNN Online News Article. U.S. Supreme Court hears ar...

• Word Count: 1119
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: High School

... the event received a lot of media coverage. Kennedy's bill was eventually passed a year later. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 stopped unequal voter registration requirements, but did not end literacy tests which often disqualified blacks in voting. The bill also outlawed discrimination in hotels, motels, restaurants, theaters, and all other public accommodations engaged in interstate commerce, except in private clubs. Title ... 's right to vote.6 African Americans were slowly but efficiently receiving their rights and becoming more of an equal in the American society. The Voting Rights Act...

• Word Count: 2310
• Approx Pages: 9
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... from the North who transferred to an another small Texas school in the Bible Belt immediately saw the importance of religion in the town's life. He saw that "any anxiety--tests, games, dates--was a chance to invoke Jesus. Up North if he had seen a group of girls clutched together and whispering it was a clear sign of gossip. Here it is a circle ... from the North who transferred to an another small Texas school in the Bible Belt immediately saw the importance of religion in the town's life. He saw that "any anxiety--tests, games, dates--was a chance to invoke Jesus. Up North if he had s...

• Word Count: 2962
• Approx Pages: 12
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... going to change. We need to be realistic, in Thernstrom's own words, "When we lower the standards for African-Americans to get in, we're perpetuating the worst stereotypes." Standardized tests are made for everyone, so how can they be unfair to one gender or race? In 1989 for example, colleges accepted 60 percent of African-American students who scored 1200 ... to 1249 on their SAT, as opposed to 12 percent of white students with equal scores. This proves that statistics are still being used as a "quota." These standardized tests, being an open competitive system, are the best protector...

• Word Count: 770
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: High School

... the last century euthanasia has become a widely debated issue within the United States. One reason a consensus cannot be formed is that no person or group can clearly define the practice of euthanasia. From the most conservative conservatives to the most liberal liberals, euthanasia has been described as everything from genocide to a miracle. State courts cannot collectively rule on the legal ... licensed to kill- not inadvertently or negligently but willfully, openly and compassionately?" (Schneiderman 581). Lawrence Schneiderman begins his essay, The Ethics of Euthanasia, with this st...

• Word Count: 1065
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: High School

... when the company is very large. In those cases, there are large enough numbers to do a real statistical analysis. "The Supreme Court held in 1977 that a "pattern or practice" of intentional job discrimination exists when and employer treats some people less favorably than others as a "standard operating procedure - the regular rather than the unusual ... practice." When there is statistical evidence that an establishment is employing minorities or women in such small numbers that the pattern is unlikely to have occurred by chance, the ... , disparate treatment and disparate impact. Dis...

• Word Count: 1493
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: High School

... centered life. Anthony was a second generation lawyer. Kennedy's father, Anthony J. Kennedy, was an attorney and lobbyist for various local and regional Sacramento businesses. His father had a well-established law practice and a reputation for influence in the California legislature. His mother, Galdys McLeod, focused on her family and community. At the age of 10 Anthony took a year off from school to ... to President Gerald Ford for a vacancy on the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit. In his confirmation hearings for the Federal appeals court in 1975 Kennedy characterized his ...

• Word Count: 1576
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: High School

... times, before the Protestant Reformation, Europe was predominantly Catholic. It is a well known fact that the Catholic Church is extremely against abortion, and at that time abortion was an illegal practice, punishable by death. Times changed, and in 1800 it was legal to have an abortion in the United States (Segers and Byrnes, 2). A push for making abortions illegal came in 1821 ... (Segers and Byrnes, 2). Therefore, by 1900, every state had passed extremely restrictive laws regarding abortion, and many had made the practice illegal (Segers and Byrnes, 2). The result of such laws was h...

• Word Count: 1548
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School