... equally. (Website #2) There is no medical treatment for this disease because it is very rare. Since it is a disease that causes mutations to the face, there is surgical procedures that tend to be very expensive and very few doctors are able to make this procedure a perfection. But the physical part if only half of what you really have to go through, it is also the ... emotionaly and psychological parts of having a mutated face and not being accepted as part of the "normal" societal standards. This disease is a disease that is genetic and is mutational. The gene ... more then physically...

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... therapy. The basis of gene therapy is to supply a functional gene to cells lacking that particular function, thus correcting the genetic disorder or disease. There are two main categories of gene therapy: germ line therapy, or altering of sperm and egg cells, and somatic cell therapy, which is much like ... everyone to take part in a virtual "lottery with the agents of death" (Stableford 59). Whether viral or bacterial in nature, such disease are currently combated with the application of vaccines and antibiotics. These treatments, however, contain many unsolved problems. The difficulty ...

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... is wrong because no test is one-hundred percent positive, so it may cause innocent people to lose their lives in the name of science. It is you who has to decide your view on this issue, and try to do something about it. Cloning is the technique of producing a genetically identical duplicate of ... is simply a way to try to extend human life, which is what medical science has been doing since man's beginning. It has the potential to find cures or treatment for all major disease known to man. There are two different ways cloning is done. They are embryo splitting and somatic nuclear repl...

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... scale project being conducted by more than 200 laboratories, put together by the U.S. Department of Energy and the National Institutes of Health. Most of these labs are located in France, and the United States. It was originally planned to last 15 years, but with rapid advances in technology, its now expected to be completed ... in 2003. (Unknown, June 2003) The goals of this project are to: Identify all of the human genes in human DNA, determine the sequences of 3 billion base pairs in human DNA, store info in a database, improve ... sequence or function of genes in a model organism i...

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... across the life sciences. The potential for commercial development of genomics research presents U.S. industry with a wealth of opportunities, and sales of DNA-based products and technologies in the biotechnology industry are projected to exceed $45 billion by 2009 (Consulting Resources Corporation Newsletter, Spring 1999). Some current and potential applications of genome research include 1. molecular medicine 2. microbial genomics 3. risk assessment 4. ... not show up throughout your whole life. The former one, of course, has the least problems. For the later one, what will you do if...

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... deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). They act as a certain sequence of base pairs that codes for a certain trait/characteristic. As you can see above, every chromosome contains many genes. Nucleic acids are found in a cell's nucleus, which are responsible for storing and transferring genetic information. There are two types of nucleic acids; Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and Ribonucleic acid (RNA). DNA contains the genetic information carried ... as being over the age of 35, having a previous pregnancy with a birth defect, having a family history of genetic disease or birth defects, or having abn...

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... for error using DNA. A fingerprint must be obtained through touch. In other words, the culprit must actually touch something at the crime scene. What if he/she was wearing gloves? Then, investigators must move down the ladder to less accurate methods of obtain evidence. DNA samples can be ... of genetic conditions including myotonic dystrophy, fragile X syndrome, neurofibromitosis types 1 and 2, inherited colon cancer, Alzheimer's disease, and familial breast cancer. Upon discovery of these genes, medical researchers are devising therapeutic regimens based on new classes of drugs, immuno...

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... a lot of money. A crop that is imported to our country can instead be cloned here. It would also make the product cheaper. Cloning would also develop stronger plants, resistant to disease, parasites, and insect damage. With better plants, cloning could lead to more profit for farmers and we could clone an abundance of trees. This would help the ecological health of ... been put into effect yet, but that does not mean that they are far away in the future. The ideas for cloning are infinite. There is no telling what the possibilities can be. Edward Squires, an equine reproduction biologis...

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... but recent advancements in understanding the disorder made some of those terms obsolete. NF1 was previously known as peripheral neurofibromatosis, or von Recklinghouasen's disease after the doctor who first described it in 1882. NF2 was called bilateral acoustic nuerofibromatosis, central neurofibromatosis, or vestibular schwannoma. NF is ... found in every racial and ethnic group throughout the world and affects both sexes equally. Both neurofibromatosis1 and neurofibromitosis2 are caused by abnormal genes. This disease cannot be "caught" from someone who has it already. . A common earl...

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... be cured using the traditional methods such as antibiotics and antiviral medication. The scientist are now looking to gene therapy as a potential cure for there problems. Gene therapy can be used for several things , such as to eliminate disease , cancer , HIV , AID and probably some other type of things that hasn ... in certain cancers. The types of gene therapy described so far , all have one thing in common which is, that the tissues being treated are somatic (somatic cells include all the cells of the body, except sperm cells and egg cells). The difference between replacing defectiv...

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... problems that plague the world than shut it back up in Pandora's Box. As a student, I find biology, specifically genetics, extremely fascinating. What other form of science or technology allows an individual to create an entirely new species of organism that in turn produces insulin to save human lives ... agriculture, with the development of plant and animal breeding, while genetic engineering is just a sophisticated way of doing something particularly ancient. There are arguments on each side and still more arising in the areas of animal rights, patenting, and environmental and ecosyst...

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... the cure ever since. Today though, people are still baffled about what might cause it and are wondering if it may have multiple causes. Many scientists have developed lots of different theories to explain what causes this disease. The four main theories are The Environmental Theory, The Biochemical Theory, The Genetic ... evidence shows that high levels of dopamine could be the cause of schizophrenia, most scientists still believe that more causes exist in this complex disease. The Genetic Theory states that schizophrenia's cause may be linked to traits in a person's genetic makeup. A n...

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... be born strong, healthy, and well suited to make its way to the world. If genetic engineering would be used in this way the would probably be a place of less disease. ACT has stressed that its goal is no to clone human baby but to develop these embryos long enough to extract stem cells. These master cells have the potential to ... turn into any human cells and hold immense, though still unproven, promise for treating many disease, including Parkinson's disease and heart disease (Kenen). Sure it may be unethical to do some test on humans, but without them medical progress would come to a...

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... science can't go," said Jonathan Weiner, a Pulitzer Prizewinning science writer (US News and World 126:25). What is the inner world? Is the inner world that Weiner is talking about Heaven? This is a great example of how you have to read in between the lines to find and really understood the article at hand. Why ... ideas against Gods views. Like an article on cancer, where Fred Appelbaum says, " This is the first fruit, (this cancer drug) the clearest example of what many people involved in cancer research have hoped to see." (US News and World Report 130:20). This is not true because God...

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... otherwise infertile woman might clone herself or another individual through nuclear transfer. Facilitating genetic alteration could be another principal use. Genes, such as those conferring disease resistance, could be inserted into a human cell structure with the resulting transgenic cells employed as donors for nuclear transfer" (Lee 3). Cloning could be ... Cloning could benefit many people. Those who just wish to clone themselves for fun, or a loved one. And for those who are infertile, or who need to alter a disease of a new child. Cloning in some ways is good, but in other ways the...

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... States began a carrier screening for sickle-cell anemia, which affects 1 in 400 African-Americans. Many of those identified as carriers mistakenly thought they were afflicted with this debilitating disease. Furthermore, confidentiality was often breached, and in some cases, carriers were discriminated against and denied health insurance. Nevertheless, genetic profiling has been beneficial in paternity suits and rape ... research institutes. Two days later the phone call came. You are perfectly healthy, the young doctor said. But tests have revealed you harbor a gene that can result in dec...

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Psychology Psychology is science and to discover cause-and-effect relationships, psychologists conduct experiments. What dose really cause and effect of being different from another? Gene is the answer. Genes are known as blue prints for our biology, which in turn define our behavior. The nucleus of each cell in our body contains the genetic material, which code for the entire ... subdivided into genes, with each gene carrying the information on how to produce a unique protein. When the DNA is collected all together you have a genome. Each gene is a selfreplicatin unit and is capable of synt...

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... cloning could be to bring deceased relatives back to life. Imagine using a piece of your great-grandmother's DNA to create a clone of her. In a sense, you could be the parent of your great-grandmother. This opens the door to many ethical problems, but it's a door that could soon be opened. One American ... cloning can loosely be compared to making a copy: take the genetic makeup from one creature and create another creature with the exact same makeup. What most people are unaware of is the capacity for changing the original creature and making its clone better. Genetic splicing has been ...

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... such as Jurassic Park and Gattaca. These movies show the bad consequences resulting from Genetic Engineering. Obviously, these movies show the worst-case scenario. "What will it be like in a future world where your life started with your parents designing your genes? In addition to screening for unwanted genetic diseases ... skin-color. Pressured by the current social fads, they may also choose genes whose overall functions are not clearly understood but are rumored to be connected with temperament, intelligence, mindfulness, and perhaps sexual orientation. You may be genetically enginee...

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... there is an extra strand in chromosome 21, which is now called "Trisomy 21" tri meaning three and somy for the word chromosome - meaning three chromosomes. No one knows exactly what causes Down syndrome aside from it being genetic. Many years ago, this condition was known as "mongolism" or people that had it were called "mongolian idiots". But in later years ... moderate. People with Down syndrome suffer from congenital heart defects, which affect approximately 40-50% of these people. Their poor muscle tone makes much physical activity difficult. There are many hormonal problems, mainly...

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... for development of replacement nerve, muscle, and other tissues. This is being researched and developed to one day be used to treat patients with a variety of diseases, such as, Parkinson's Disease, Alzheimer's Disease, stroke, diabetes, epilepsy, and others. One method of human cloning is called reproductive cloning- "implanting a cloned embryo into a woman's uterus, leading to the birth of a cloned baby."" (Article ... writers of this article however say that they "Object to this usage and feel that calling such procedures "therapeutic- yields only confusion."" (Article, 46). The majo...

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... Wimmer, stated: "The reason we did it was to prove that it can be done, and it now is a reality." So you might be saying to yourself: "So what?" Even though most scientists will agree that a virus is not a living organism, this is the closest example of life created in ... they think of a disease-causing agent, but there are other uses for viruses. Texan scientists are also discovering ways to use viruses as microscopic builders. This idea was conceived from the prospect that scientists are trying to build microscopic devices. One of the researchers said, "When you"re building things as ...

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... "[w]ere defining the fittest in our society as the wealthiest" (2). The products that cure disease and redefine genetically the human person are not just a matter of science anymore but have been brought to the marketplace. This was a start of a super race, you were not normal unless you bought genes to look like everyone else. We have seen this type of discrimination and move ... description of a perfect baby in order to receive a high valued job. Genetic discrimination is the main focal point in Gattaca. You must have the genes of the super race to earn respect and wealth. Paul R. Bil...

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... of these frogs died or grew into monsters. Of the ones that did grow normally they were sterile. Embryo splitting or blastomere separation is what is most commonly referred to as human cloning. Embryos in the early stages of development start to divide into cells called blastomeres. The zona pellucida ... (a protective covering for the egg) is punctured or removed and the blastomeres are separated from each other. Each blastomere is then covered with an artificial zona pellucida. Then each of the blastomeres starts dividing and becomes an embryo ... could also be used to rid the world ...

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... of reproductive cloning. Reproductive cloning is where an identical genetic twin of an organism is produced. Reproductive cloning is how animals are cloned today. When you have a reconstructed egg after somatic cell nuclear transfer has been performed, it is then treated with chemicals or electric current ... cells. There will be one day stem cells will be used to replace cells in the treatment of diseases like heart disease, Alzheimer's, and cancer. These stem cells are very important to scientists because they can create almost any cell in the human body. History of Cloning For many y...

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