1. In what ways was the year 1848 a turning point of European h
... proved in which the Italian unification was mainly helped by France under Napoleon III. Someone claimed that both the Italian and German failed to unify their country in 1848. There is no doubt that their unification was compeletled in 1870. However, although the revolutions were suppressed mercilessly, they were taught a great lesson. Both of them relized that unification would not be ... liberalism in Italian and German states. The defeat of Austria in Austo-Prussian war in 1866 revealed her weaknesses. Moreover, after 1848 Austria used liberal means for authoritarian ends. It is the ...
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- Grade Level: High School