... days, but about ten percent of new mothers have a greater problem called postpartum depression. Postpartum depression lasts longer and is more intense. It often requires counseling and treatment. Postpartum depression can occur after any birth (Duckworth, 2002). "Baby blues" usually occurs within two weeks of delivery. In a mother without risk factors, it dissipates within weeks. But if this episode lasts two to three ... treatment were available( Researchers who study infanticide distinguish several different groups of parents who murder their children. Some kill as a result of psychot...

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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... quot;too many unrealistic mental diagnoses or disorders", some diagnoses for example in the DSM-V were Internet Addiction, or even being a homosexual. It was easy for any kind of person no matter what type of personality to go through the DSM-V and easily self-diagnose themselves as having ... to welcome different idea of mental disorders into the DSM-V prompting more misdiagnoses. Dr. Allen Frances told Ronson in a phone interview that it was very easy to set off false dynamics in psychiatry. He blatantly told Ronson that there were three diagnoses that were being misdiagnosed in ... ...

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... bad verbal communication. Trying to do more than they can handle in a short amount of time is another symptom. A small amount of schizophrenics copy every single gesture someone else does, called echopraxia. A schizophrenic patient can be delusional. The mind plays tricks, and the patient feels outside forces controls his thoughts or actions and somehow these outside forces are forcing thoughts into ... , and their friends or relatives usually see a change in the patient's behavior. This may be socially or physically. An example of this could be the absence of movement or speech, called ...

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Multiple Personality Disorder MPD is a survival tactic. It is the creative attempt of highly traumatized children to protect themselves from the trauma and abuse. When these children dissociate (block) trauma, their "compartments" ... of childhood usually before nine. Very severe abuse during childhood that is so extreme children cannot absorb the whole trauma could force the child to dissociate and create alternate personalities (Sidran 2). These alternative personalities could also be called "personality state", "alter part", "state of consciousness", "ego state", or "fragment identity" (Bo...

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... many ranges of fields. There are many types of disorder such as Anxiety disorders which include generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, social anxiety disorder and specified phobias. Mood disorders also called affective disorders, involve persistent feelings of sadness or periods of feeling overly happy, or fluctuations from extreme sadness. The most common mood disorders are depression, bipolar disorder, and cyclothymic ... up to 10 percent of people with schizophrenia will complete a suicide in the first 10 years of the illness - particularly young men with schizophrenia. While ...

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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... fact a true mental disorder, and there is also an argument on where MPD exists or not. Multiple Personality Disorder does in fact exist, and even though currently it is called Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID), it should not be, because the two mental disorders are slightly different. Before the argument about the differences between MPD and DID is introduced, one needs to understand the ... is "A role needed for disaster control assumed by the Essence of highly hypnotizable person who dissociatives before the age of seven because of life-threatening trauma" (Allison and McKenzie). W...

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... At the very least, Dr Kraepelin's work provided much of the foundation and academic inspiration for the second great mind of schizophrenia, Dr. Eugen Bleuler. It is Bleuler that first called the disease "schizophrenia". It is somewhat unfortunate, however, that this is the term that made its way into the English language and that is now the term used to identify ... possible. The second "hit" is environmental stress, typically a pregnancy and delivery complication (PDC). Concerning the second "hit", a PDC is much more accepted to be the cause than negative child rearing, simply because t...

• Word Count: 3390
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... because of the children's age. The health care professional, teachers and parents alike "label" the adolescents, stating that it is just a stage that each child goes through, or that it's the "age." A number of studies have reported that up to 2.5 percent of children and up to 8.3 percent ... and recurring thoughts of death or suicide with an increased interest in violent movies and/or video games. (Williamson) The American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry has done extensive research and reported that children under stress, those who have experienced a loss, or those who have ...

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... ," is something you"d expect to hear as the title to an X-files episode. In reality, this line is found in the DSM-IV as a physiological disorder. This rare disorder is called Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID) or formally known as multiple personality disorder. Dissociation is a mental process, which produces a lack of connection in a person's thoughts, memories, feelings, actions, or sense of ... the personalities are so separate that they don't know they inhabit a body with other "people." The origins of dissociative identity disorder are still not understood. Although it's not unde...

• Word Count: 476
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... and selfishness. Object-relations Theory The developmental theories of Mahler and Kernberg, and Masterson offer a perspective on BPD that finds its roots in the early relationship experience of the child. Freud's model held that a newborn infant is driven by animal instincts, such as hunger, thirst, and pleasure, but cannot relate to others. Relationships with others according to ... and can be very effective, particularly for behavioral dyscontrol (Cowdry and Gardner). Alprazolam (Xanax) should generally be avoided because it may disinhibit the patient. MAO inhibitors are used for reje...

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... race, gender, or age, yet among adolescents, the incidents of depression have increased significantly. Such increase is the potential cause of the rise of suicide rates amidst adolescents. Therefore it is imperative to treat depression before attempts of suicide are made, for if neglected, such attempts could become successful. Through out the years, adolescence has been regarded as the most ... of negative emotions may be concomitant of the depressive experience (Herman-Stahl and Petersen 1996). In other words, regardless of its source, stress is the leading cause of mental, otherwise ca...

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... disorder is different from schizotypal personality disorder in that schizotypal personality disorder lacks the cognitive and perceptual distortions that are associated with schizoid personality disorder. It can be distinguished from paranoid personality disorder by the lack of suspiciousness and paranoid ideation. The social isolation of schizoid personalities can be distinguished from ... 4% of adult psychiatric patients appear to have schizoid personality disorder. Sometimes people from different cultural backgrounds sometimes exhibit defensive behaviors and interpersonal styles that...

• Word Count: 2683
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... by a set of physiological symptoms which respond to antidepressant medications or electroshock therapy. "Unipolar" means that the individual suffers from major depression but not from manic-depressive disorder, which is called "bipolar" illness. "Endogenous" is used to designate forms of depression manifested by a cluster of the more biological symptoms, such as sleep disturbance and weight loss. Moreover, patients may ... 15, one out of every five children are depressed. The average length of depression in childhood is about seven months, but the younger the child, the more serious the p...

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... evident when the patient experiences delusions with often rapid and hyperactive behavior manifests sometimes associated with violence (Hirshfeld, 1995). When both manic and depressive symptoms occur at the same time it is called a mixed episode. Those afflicted are special risk because there is a combination of hopelessness, agitation, and anxiety that makes them feel like they "could jump out of their skin ... with the use of Lithium is experienced by pregnant women. Its use during pregnancy has been associated with birth defects, particularly Ebstein's anomaly. Based on current data, th...

• Word Count: 1731
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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... evident when the patient experiences delusions with often rapid and hyperactive behavior manifests sometimes associated with violence (Hirshfeld, 1995). When both manic and depressive symptoms occur at the same time it is called a mixed episode. Those afflicted are special risk because there is a combination of hopelessness, agitation, and anxiety that makes them feel like they "could jump out of their skin ... with the use of Lithium is experienced by pregnant women. Its use during pregnancy has been associated with birth defects, particularly Ebstein's anomaly. Based on current data, th...

• Word Count: 1731
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... Although, the actual cause remains elusive, scientists know a few things. The age of the father matters. (Herz, & Marder 2002) A 25-year old has a 1-in-198 chance of fathering a child who will develop schizophrenia by 21. That risk nearly doubles when the father is 40, and triples when he passes 50. Viruses or stresses that interfere with a fetus's brain development ... raise the risk; and if there is schizophrenia in your family, you run a higher-than-average risk of developing it (2002). Last year researchers linked a gene on chromosome 22 to a near-doubled risk of schizophrenia. When ...

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... to schizophrenia. Bateson et al (1956) had discovered that family members of schizophrenic often have difficulties communicating effectively. For instance, expressing love in an angry voice. Thus, the child becomes confused. Nevertheless, the double bind theory only suggests a relationship as its correlational at best and there are little scientific evidence backing the results of Bateson's experiment. The ... & Buckley (2011), the newer atypical psychotics overall have benefits over the older patients, especially with lower side-effects. Lewis and Buchanan (2007) stated that a major st...

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... have about a 46 percent chance of eventually developing schizophrenia. (Vonnegut, 1975) Some evidence suggests that schizophrenia may result from an imbalance of chemicals in the brain called neurotransmitters. Some scientists suggest that schizophrenia results from excess activity of the neurotransmitter dopamine in certain parts of the brain or from an abnormal sensitivity to dopamine. Support ... healthy people. (Vonnegut, 1975) Pregnant women who have been exposed to the influenza virus or who have poor nutrition have a slightly increased chance of giving birth to a child who later ...

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... of a person later developing schizophrenia. For example, pregnant women who have been exposed to the influenza virus or who have poor nutrition have an increased chance of giving birth to a child who later develops schizophrenia. (Encarta) Stressful Events Stress in the environment, such as the death of a loved one, an important change in jobs or relationships, or chronic tension can stimulate ... , tension, and stress. They are used Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) Shock therapy is also used for schizophrenics who suffer from severe depression. ECT is highly recommended by physician, for...

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... for centuries. There are multiple accounts in history of crazy people who displayed bazaar and uncontrollable behavior. For example, in the sixteenth century, people published accounts of cases called mania that are obviously Schizophrenia. Nevertheless, the German psychiatrist Emil Kraepelin is recognized for giving the first modern account of schizophrenia in 1896. Kraepelin determined the difference between ... , but there are certain theories of what may cause schizophrenia to occur. For example, many scientists argue that the disorder runs in families. It is estimates that people wi...

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... substance abuse or anxiety can increase the likelihood of suicide. Recent stressful events can also trigger suicidal behaviour, especially in impulsive young people. Shneidman and others used a method called psychological autopsy to study those conditions and events that make a person vulnerable. The psychological profile of the individual who committed suicide is reconstructed through extensive interviews with friends and family ... a new brain imaging technique that can visualize regional brain metabolic activity to capture a direct image of normal brain response to serotonin in live,...

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For centuries, bipolar disorder has been a common yet mysterious illness. This disease, also called "manic-depressive illness, is one of the oldest diseases known to man. Over 1% of the population in ... Research has been carried out from then to the present concerning this disease. In the 1980's, researchers were able to find a difference between adult and child bipolar disease. The search for the causes and cure still remains. ("Brief History") Many theories have been brought up concerning why people have bipolar disorder ... . However, every theory is merely an observation without conclus...

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... the brain from the eyes, ears, nose, skin and taste buds become confused, and the person may actually hear, see, smell or feel sensations that are not real, also called hallucinations. People with schizophrenia will often hear voices. Sometimes the voices are threatening or condemning; they may also give direct orders such as,"" kill yourself."" People who are ill ... psychomotor agitation or retardation, fatigue, changes in appetite or sleep, recurrent thoughts of death or suicide, feelings of worthlessness or guilt, especially failure at motherhood, and excessive anxiety over child's ...

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