... term as the International Monetary Fund's managing director and chairman next month after defeating Mexican Central Bank chief Agustin Carstens. Lagarde was backed by the United Kingdom, Germany, and most European powers, as well as some Asian and African nations. The United States Treasury Secretary Tim Geithner joined the group of supporters right before Lagarde was voted in (Rooney) "Minister Lagarde ... 's exceptional talent and broad experience will provide invaluable ... 1947 to aid failing economies in the aftermath of World War II. Currently, the IMF controls monetary cooperatio...

• Word Count: 519
• Approx Pages: 2
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The Versailles Treaty, signed on January 18, 1919, stripped Germany of their colonial empire and forced harsh monetary reparations to be paid by Germany to the allied powers for damages suffered during the war. The treaty also incorporated article 231, known as the War Guilt Clause, which formally placed the blame of the Great War on Germany. Article 231 had a profound effect on German psychology because Germans felt they were at no more fault than any other party involved. The final article of interest was known as the Rhineland Demilitarized Zone, which made Germany remove all troops within ...

• Word Count: 937
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... changing the nature of the state, but more specifically whether it has made boundaries more permeable. Although the statement holds the assumption that technology is the main factor of change, after reading several texts I have come to the conclusion that this belief is true, be it directly as a technological innovation or indirectly by how these innovations may influence other ... developments in industry brought about significant military applications. For instance, the steam engine had brought trains, important for industry and trade as they could transport goods quicker, but also imp...

• Word Count: 1615
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... two kilometers of the hypocenter caused all combustible materials to spontaneously do so. All of those fires in addition to that of the explosion continued throughout the day and left Hiroshima in ruins. Shortly after downtown Hiroshima was put into flames, "black rain" fell from the sky onto small areas of the city. This black rain was the result of radiation contamination ... its fire. Most common acute effects of radiation include nausea or other digestive tract disorders, fatigue, and nervous disorders including insomnia and delirium. Other acute effects include internal bleeding, v...

• Word Count: 883
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

World War I was the culmination of events set in motion decades before that fateful day in 1914. Germany had been planning a war since the mid 1870's and military leaders were determined to have it. Europe had enjoyed a century of peace until an assassin's bullet crushed any hope of maintaining that peace. While the immediate cause for the ... start of WWI was the assignation of Archduke Francis Ferdinand, conflict on continental Europe was inevitable. After the Napoleonic wars came to an end Great Britain, Austria, Prussia, and Russia declared their intent to establish " a firm peace, based...

• Word Count: 566
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... rather than considering different points of view. I believe that this is due to the anti-German propaganda that was set up before the war as well as after the war, considering how clear the trigger of the Second World War was, people tend to look at the concept of ... for example, the "blank check" for Austria, militarism, assassination of Franz Ferdinand, expansionism during the final stages in the scramble Africa and international alliances. Some of the issues that led up to the First World War were caused by Germany itself, however many others were caused by ... meant that the Briti...

• Word Count: 1373
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... government dropping the atomic bomb we have been able to make military advancements that would never have been fathomed before and we have been able to make political advancements that we otherwise wouldn't have been able to make. In 1941, just a short time after Albert Einstein had warned the current president Theodore Roosevelt, that the Germans were looking to produce an extremely destructive ... only saved many lives because Japan surrendered but it also saved lives by showing to the rest of the world the power the United States had and the horrific scene that atomic warfare produce...

• Word Count: 1297
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... "the Germans might be well on the way to creating a weapon, the use which might determine the outcome of the war" (Davidson 554). After receiving this information, the President took the letter before his advisors and the decision was made to allocate funds towards a project to develop an Atomic bomb. The project was originally named "Development of Substitute Materials," ... 7.5 miles into the air (Wikipedia). President Truman was told of the success of the project during a conference with the leaders of Great Britain (Winston Churchill) and the Soviet Union (Stalin) in Potsdam, in...

• Word Count: 1155
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... than a strong fighting force" (2). It would also be interesting to read about the military officials that ended up changing their minds towards their GI's after fighting with them in combat and seeing that their strength and patriotism was not hindered by them loving the same sex. Bérubé declared his homosexuality at the beginning of the book. This could make it ... they might not agree with Bérubé I think the facts and research speaks for itself and it could perhaps even change their mind after reading the testimonies and persecution that homosexuals felt during WWII. I definitely ...

• Word Count: 1395
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... in the article "The Incendiary Bombing Raids on Tokyo, 1945"." The bombs were causing destruction everywhere "setting fire to everything it splashed " and people were being critically injured. Buildings were collapsing as "screaming families abandoned their homes " but this was essentially useless, because anywhere people ... the Japanese people during this attack is horrendous because at one point or another, "everyone was surrounded by fire and the entire city was nearly destroyed overnight." After Japan was put into such a weak position, not only did the United States ask for them to...

• Word Count: 1054
• Approx Pages: 4
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... with echoes of the Monroe Doctrine was made asserting that any spread of communism in the Americas was a direct threat to the sovereignty and independence of the American people, endangering peace. Many would consider this an overreaction, but upon closer analysis this proves to be mistaken. Eisenhower ... domino theory. If communism was allowed to slip into the continent, it was only a matter of time before it spread throughout the landmass, up into Central America and on the American frontier. Perhaps the only thing that Americana feared more than the spread of communism was the ... es...

• Word Count: 1296
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... known as the Democratic People's Republic of Korea is a totalitarian country. It is currently a communist state under the dictatorship of Kim Jong Un. The political system is originally modeled after the communist Soviet Union. The founder of North Korea, Kim II Sung created the policy of juche, which means "self-reliance. " This ideology has been the main reason for ... support from his allies, Russia or China. Unlike these countries democratic countries rarely wage war for no legitimate reason, and therefore always have the support of their allies. Democratic countries tend to seek pea...

• Word Count: 1669
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... China's natural resources for their own growth and benefit. Trying to sustain their dynasty(what they felt was their identity) through isolation rather than self preservation through adaptation would leave China a victim, such as the many others before for them. On the other side of the spectrum, Japan was much more accepting of western influence, and as history would show, their outcome to ... imperialism and colonialism was more successful than their counterparts. During the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries in Japan, fuedilism and isolationism was maintained. Suddenly, in 1893, Ma...

• Word Count: 659
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... immediately accept these transforming gender roles, but the developing media quickly organized massive campaigns to promote the new social ideal. The television programs and advertisements my mother grew up watching as a child of the fifties all focused on promoting the housewife as the epitome of family ... around Lucy's exploits as she tries to get a job outside the home. The message is candidly conveyed as Lucy is repeatedly turned down, and thwarted as she schemes to deceive her husband . While providing considerable entertainment value, I Love Lucy also served a social purpose, warn...

• Word Count: 1339
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... the effect of the growth of Germany had on Europe. She was a relatively new country but one that was rapidly growing financially, militarily and industrially; this threatened to disrupt the delicate balance of power achieved in Europe after centuries of conflict. However, the situation was exacerbated by her actions resulting from this new found power. The Kaiser began to feel increasingly endangered ... outbreak of WWI the economic state of the countries involved was not major issues, Europe was booming in the post industrial revolution prosperity and reaping the benefits that her many...

• Word Count: 2024
• Approx Pages: 8
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... strength a military arsenal is also "an instrument of political power". Economic resources are important in the political arena since all state disputes do not require military action, having economic power and influence makes available alternative avenues of conflict resolution for states. "Military force could, for instance, be irrelevant to resolving disagreements on economic issues among members of the alliance, yet ... not only because the compromised outcome was unpredictable but also because the two sides did not choose their strategies independently of each other. The Soviets re...

• Word Count: 1392
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... the situations are not seen as being comparable is that both Japan and Germany were democratic nations before they became involved in World War II. Japan had been governed by Constitutional Monarchy for several decades, and after the fall of the German monarchy Germany was governed by the Weimar ... government. Iraq has never truly been a democratic society so in creating a democratic government one is truly starting from the ground up. This was not the case after ... the same as having the experience of living in a democratic society. Many have compared the situation in Iraq to that of...

• Word Count: 3028
• Approx Pages: 12
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... of its tractor factories were turned into tank factories. The planned to cut of Stalingrad from many of its neighbouring countries, allowing a decrease in men and equipment. Seeing as this was where USSR (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics) go most of their equipment from, them loosing access to Stalingrad would of ... been a major down fall in their part of World War II. Just before the Battle of Stalingrad was what many historians would argue to be the start of the holocaust, and as many of Russia's jews were taken from their home. Stalin was enraged by Hitlers act ... union was unde...

• Word Count: 1154
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... what they wanted to hear. A part of the reason this was happening was that the Germans went through hard times after WWI, with inflation and depression so they valued what they heard and that they were being promised a better life. His rise to power in Germany as Bergen states it "was ... a perfect world. This was because as mentioned before, he wanted to be in control of a world of Germans because he thought that they were the superior race. In order for this solution, Hitler had to find a way to do this and kill all of the Jews which starts the Holocaust ... this subject that makes it...

• Word Count: 1769
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... was elected to represent the Republican party in the 1952 presidential election, he made it a point to criticized President Harry Truman and his administration's handling of the war in Korea. After his victory, Eisenhower followed his promise to go to Korea, and was convinced that something new was needed to be done in order to discontinue the gridlock that had been in place ... 1953 came with little to no progress. On July 27, 1953, an armistice was signed by all sides involved in the conflict, agreeing to end the bloodshed and come to agreeable terms. Three days before this signing, o...

• Word Count: 1540
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... Immanuel Kant, on the other hand, believed that states, largely aided by international organizations, would profit from cooperation between each other, and deemed important the ideology of states, with special focus on the importance of liberal democracy for peace. Morgenthau utilizes a more descriptive analysis ... in the region would fall to communism, one by one, its neighbors would follow. It was similar to policy applied to Europe after the Second World War to prevent the Soviet Union from dominating a weakened post-war Europe. Morgenthau by no means wanted to surrender ... theory...

• Word Count: 1622
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... at even the most basic level. If sugar is used in a food item, it most likely is used to enhance that food item and to make it more appealing to consumers. Although the negative health effects of consuming sugar are often espoused by anyone who has the ear of ... thought about where sugar came from or how it was being used in the food and items I was consuming. Mintz takes the opportunity to examine this essential product and its history when not many other historians have before him. In the introduction of the book, Mintz writes that the book was formed ... countries, the population o...

• Word Count: 1292
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... . Joseph Stalin wanted to force them away so that he could have full control over the city of Berlin and later expand to the rest of Germany and surrounding countries. It is interesting to point out that the US and the USSR were partners short before the Cold War took place. "Hitler's invasion of Russia in June 1941 forced a four-year partnership upon ... the Soviets and Americans," as LaFeber illustrates on page 5 provides that notion even though there was "massive cooperation between the two nations as well as 9 ½ billion ... time causing tensions between the so called "ideologies of...

• Word Count: 834
• Approx Pages: 3
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... ,947 by 1940 (Broom 8). Most of these Japanese Americans resided on the western coast of the United States living in California, Oregon, and Washington. They were peaceful people who had steady jobs; families and owned homes just like every other American. After the attacks by the Japanese, the government had viewed the Japanese Americans as a threat to the nation's security. In response, "on ... they should have the same opportunities as white people. After the release of the Japanese Americans in 1945 and the conclusion of World War II, many of these people went back to nothing. The ho...

• Word Count: 1781
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... Italian Neo-realism movement came to fruition after the fall of Mussolini's Fascist government, near the end of World War II. The years of war and dictatorial leadership had caused the Italian film industry, much like the Italian economy, to decline. During this time 25% of the Italian population was out of work, amenities scarce and a large amount of Italian infrastructure were ... The beginnings of Italian Neorealism can be found with the director, Roberto Rossellini and his film, "Rome, Open City." Other progenitors of the movement include Federico Fellini, and Vittorio De Sica. Ros...

• Word Count: 995
• Approx Pages: 4
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate