... do not believe me just look at the scholarships offered by Bowling Green State University. An entering freshman that is a non-minority student must have at least a 27 on their SAT and a 3.5 GPA to be considered for any type of scholarship. In contrast, a minority with only a 3.0 GPA and a 21 on their ACT automatically receives a full tuition scholarship. Theoretically a minority student with ... quo. Many of the minority students who are accepted into such institutions are under-qualified and do not succeed at the schools. For instance, the New York Times published mean SAT scores for f...

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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... the school based on its racial preferences. The following year in nineteen ninety-seven, two other white students with good grades and high SAT scores were also denied admission at the University of Michigan. All three students took their case against the University of Michigan to the Supreme ... to Lino A. Graglia, who is a professor at the University of Texas at Austin, black high-school seniors, on average, have a combined SAT score about two-hundred points lower than that of white high-school seniors. In nineteen ninety-six, the American Lawyer reported that only forty-five ... clas...

• Word Count: 1147
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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... the school based on its racial preferences. The following year in nineteen ninety-seven, two other white students with good grades and high SAT scores were also denied admission at the University of Michigan. All three students took their case against the University of Michigan to the Supreme ... to Lino A. Graglia, who is a professor at the University of Texas at Austin, black high-school seniors, on average, have a combined SAT score about two-hundred points lower than that of white high-school seniors. In nineteen ninety-six, the American Lawyer reported that only forty-five ... clas...

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... have filled. Other people argue that the ratio of white to black students should stay disproportionate in academic institutions. The support for this lies in the lop-sided SAT scores, because, according to the SAT test results, "on average, black Americans are significantly less intelligent than whites" (Feagin, 244). Yasuchiro Nakasone, the former prime minister of Japan supports this ... belief by stating that "the United States is lower [in intelligence scores] because of a considerable number of blacks, Puerto Ricans, and Mexicans" (Feagin, 244). This statement reiterates the opposit...

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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... at top institutions. Although he finds that students of color attended slightly better institutions then white students with similar characteristics, he notes that this observation is only based on test scores and high school GPA information. With tens of thousands of applicants, large, public universities do not have time nor labor to review millions of pieces of subjective material. Instead many ... various aspects of an applicant's file and then accept all students above cutoff. While students could get a maximum of eighty points for their GPA and 12 points for their SAT or ACT score...

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... testing in Griggs verus Duke Power Company (Hacker 129)." The company had kept black employees in lower level jobs, arguing that their "test scores showed they were not qualified for better positions (130)." The court rejected this explanation, "ruling that employers who hired and promoted on the ... academic credentials (Cultural)." This is even more evident in a report by the Center for Equal Opportunity, the report states that "median SAT scores for white students admitted to the Naval Academy in 1995 were 580 in verbal and 610 in math versus 510 in verbal and 590 in ... more qualif...

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... circumstances was approximately sixty times greater than that of their white counterparts. Another interesting fact that was included in the study was the comparison of grade point averages and SAT scores. "The average grade point average for a rejected white student was 3.66 with an SAT score of 1142. The average grade point average for an accepted African-American student was 3.66 with an ... SAT score of 1030." These statistics demonstrate the reverse discrimination against white college applicants due to affirmative action. After you graduate from college, you will be putting in you...

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... Yet? Racial differences in educational achievement has long been a heated debate and the subject of numerous studies, discussions and even laws all trying to explain and correct this academic phenomenon. SAT scores, grades, National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) data and class rank scream the existence of racial lines in our schools as Whites out perform African Americans, Latinos and other ... university heads, businessmen and researchers tried tackling this question of minority displacement. The Task Force examined the lacking number of minorities, specifically African Amer...

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• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... public universities. Those that do not support affirmative action believe that it is "reverse discrimination", claiming that a white applicant with higher SAT's and a higher G.P.A., who is rejected in favor of a minority applicant with lower scores, is being discriminated against [Alm03]. Project 21, a minority group against affirmative action, believes that it undermines a minority person's success[Alm03]. ... six years of enrolling in college, only 38% of blacks and 46% of Hispanics do the same. Minority students are further disadvantaged when applying to college, because standardized...

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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... , "People should be able to get in based on how smart they are, not the color of their skin. You can tell the difference between students admitted purely on their scores and those helped by their race. The kids from the quotas are kind of not as smart, some of them." This statement seems to portray a negative image of those who ... no longer be able to use race as a factor in deciding which students can participate in gifted programs. His said it was "wrong to allow minority students with lower IQ scores than whites and Asians to be admitted into gifted programs because of their race. If...

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... Most Affirmative Action at Berkeley was going to students of the middle class and above.[ ] In recent times, most of the black students admitted to Berkeley with substantially lower test scores than whites have been children of middle managers, municipal administrators, and even doctors and lawyers " not food service workers and bus drivers. For example, of the 257 African- ... affirmative action at Berkeley because it was mainly helping middle class minorities, who had equivalent or similar resources of[to] a middle class white student, get into the university with lower SAT scores. He...

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... , affirmative action IS discrimination, only in reverse. In colleges across the country, African-Americans and Hispanics are being admitted at the expense of Caucasians and Asians with higher standardized test scores and high school GPAs for the sake of diversity. This discrimination is unjust and uncalled for. A second idea against affirmative action is the idea of individualism, where the government has ... ' minorities with GPAs above 2.8 (a dismal B minus) or SATs over 830, well below the national average for all who took the test. Asians and whites, by contrast, needed a 3.8 GPA or a...

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... very best black applicants a range of scholarships and other monies, soak up a huge portion of the relatively few blacks who score in the top range of the Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT). The unprepared and under-qualified state of these students often has disasterous effects on the affirmative action beneficiaries. Their graduation rates are considerably lower than their white or asian counterparts ... admitted to UC berkely in 1985, all were admitted under affirmative action criteria rather than academic qualifications. Those students had an average SAT score of 952 compared to the nat...

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... the minimum academic values, such as the ACT or high school G.P.A., to be lowered for the minority groups. Here is one example: for a white student with a 3.7 G.P.A. (out of 4.0) and an SAT of 1,250 (out of 1,600) would be placed on the waiting list while a minority with the same numbers would be admitted. Terence Pell, a lawyer for the Center for Individual rights ... for the sake of a certain racial mix" (qtd. in Reibstein). By the University's admissions office standard, non-minority applicants must excel past their already high scores and even then there is not a slight guarantee th...

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... . Selection among comparably qualified candidates is as follows: a minority student with an 1100 on their SAT's compared to a white student who scored a 1120 is hardly a significant amount. Predictions of the general population with scores comparable in this range will not be affected by such trivial differences in scores. The most radical form of affirmative action that should be addressed is selecting unqualified minority ... ...

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... itself. Euro-Americans are ultimately the victims of Affirmative Action when less qualified minorities are supposedly taking up space that the privileged white male should have with his perfect SAT and GPA scores. I feel that Affirmative Action should be implemented. However, I do agree that in some ways Affirmative Action is definitely not effective and some ways unfair. So with this in mind ... , then the fact that someone applying is black, Latino, Asian, or white should only be a small factor in the admission process. Race should only be a consideration when looking at test scores, G...

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... white students. By giving the minority students extra points, a less qualified student can take the spot of a more qualified white student who did better in high school and on their SAT's. The University of Michigan uses a point system where "being a minority earns you 20 points and writing an outstanding essay earns you only 1 point (Negative about )," so in essence, they are ... . Another case is where Alan Bakke was not admitted to the University of California at Davis because of a quota system the school used. He claimed his scores were higher than some of the minorities admitted sco...

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... the same 60/40. Seventy seven firefighters took the exam; forty three were white, nineteen were black, fifteen were hispanic. Fourteen of the fifteen highest scores were white followed by a hispanic. There were no blacks in the top fifteen scores. This meant that due to the cities charter rule of three, no blacks would have been promoted. As a result of the test ... cannot limit, segregate, or classify employees or applicants for employment opportunities or otherwise adversely affect affect the status of an employee, due to race. Also, employers cannot adjust the scores, use different s...

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... college entrance exams. "Nevertheless, there are sufficient data available to show that when the college entrance test scores of minority and White students of similar socio-economic status and background are compared, their scores are relatively comparable" (White, p.340). This supports the argument that the lack of financial resources, family situations, and other social and economic factors results in ... minority students being less prepared for college success. A flat-out lie is the belief that low college entrance scores, or college entrance scores themselves, are the indicators a...

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... preferential treatment and insults anyone who is beneficiary of this practice" (Jenkins, 1999, 178). Affirmative action in educational facilities promotes a feeling a reverse discrimination in which whites and Asians with higher SAT scores and grades are denied an education at a prestigious school to fulfill a quota of minorities (Williams, 1997, 173). Affirmative action is not only disappointing in creating equality in schools, it also ... ...

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... say that it only contributes to discrimination. Its sole purpose is to give disadvantaged students a chance at achieving their full potential by not only focusing on their grades and test scores. Affirmative action focuses on the individuals race and personal setbacks, such as their economic state. The fact that it revolves around whether you are Black, Hispanic, White, or Asian, clearly ... minimum requirements for prestigious schools are being accepted in order to create diversity, but this action is only hurting those students. Most affirmative action students have lower GPAs and tes...

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... less qualified candidates to meet their criteria for achieving diversity. Critics claim that some students that are more qualified-those who attended better high schools, have higher GPAs and test scores, etc.-are often times rejected because less qualified minority students take their spots. While there is certainly research to back up this claim, it seems that people forget that a student ... a number of things into consideration when selecting their freshman class. If they didn't see the value of having a diverse campus, every student would have a 4.0 high school GPA and perfect test...

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... to give "privileges" to those of the minority, it discriminates on those the in majority by not allowing them a chance at higher learning, even though they may have higher test scores. The admissions of students into systems of higher education should be granted based on academic achievement only, not based on the color of one's skin. Schools should be more worried ... about how they look in compared with other educational institutions by their test scores and student grades, then through the multiculturalism flourishing with in their campus. After all, doesn't someone want to receive t...

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... . Opposition towards affirmative action grew after Regents of the University of California v. Bakke. Allen Bakke in 1977, was twice denied admission to a California medical school despite better grades and test scores than successful minority applicants, Allan Bakke took his grievance to court and set of a major controversy. The school reserved sixteen places in each entering class of one hundred for qualified ... minorities, as part of the school's affirmative action program. Bakke's college GPA and test scores exceeded those of any of the minority students admitted in the two years he ...

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... action in colleges is a good example of the discriminating view. At ivy league colleges the median GPA of applicants is close to 4.0 and S.A.T. scores are close to 1300, minorities are let in with GPA's less than 3.0 and S.A.T. scores less than1000. The only way for colleges to achieve ethnic proportions is to downplay or abandon merit criteria and to accept students from typically ... ...

• Word Count: 1285
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• Grade Level: Undergraduate