... scholars began to reject the ideas and beliefs of the authority and the Church, and started to think for themselves. Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, and Jean Jaques Rousseau were three enlightenment thinkers who each drafted different ideas about the state of nature, and political solutions to make ... society and government more utopia-like. Although all three had a tremendous impact on the French Revolution era, Locke's theories about the three fundamental rights of all humans, and the idea of a representative democracy really were the driving force behind the revolution. ... commonwealth ...

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... unjust kings. They lived in fear for whatever they did, because of the fear of what their harsh ruler will and his their punishment would be. Which John Locke's ideas of natural laws helped because he believed that if a government fails to provide the citizens with these laws that the citizens have the right to overthrow the government ... signed that would give the citizens and in forced the king to follow his own rules or he would either get punished exiled or even executed. Now John Locke had to do with even the American Revolution with the same ideas if the English colonists wanting...

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... in the case of governments failing to complete its duties, the people under said government had the right to form a new government even through means such as a revolution. Locke promoted the idea that when every individual pursues happiness, cooperation is promoted causing individual and general welfare to coincide. These ideas also had a tremendous impact on political thinkers such ... in modern times has become ingrained into several important political documents, such as the American Constitution. Jean-Jacques Rousseau was another French political thinker of the Enlightenment era in...

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... , liberty, and the pursuit of happiness Governments are instituted.. deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed." (DOI, 63) These ideas were derived from the writings of John Locke: "Men being.. by nature all free, equal, and independent, no one can be.. subjected to the political power of another without his own consent ... proved importance as a justification for the American revolution. "Whensoever.. the legislative shall transgress.. the people.. have a right to resume their original liberty and provide for their own safety and security- (Locke, 33) The writers of th...

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... philosopher Baruch Spinoza and the German philosopher and mathematician Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz. Descartes" theories were opposed, however, by British philosophers of the empiricist tradition, such as John Locke, who believed that all ideas are derived from the senses. Empiricist traditions stemmed off into other forms of Enlightenment thought, such as epistemological rationalism, the philosophy that ... of a combination of Enlightenment ideals, Scottish philosophies, the British "natural" law, the remnants of Puritanism, and the provincial qualities of colonial America. (American Enlig...

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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... philosopher Baruch Spinoza and the German philosopher and mathematician Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz. Descartes" theories were opposed, however, by British philosophers of the empiricist tradition, such as John Locke, who believed that all ideas are derived from the senses. Empiricist traditions stemmed off into other forms of Enlightenment thought, such as epistemological rationalism, the philosophy that ... of a combination of Enlightenment ideals, Scottish philosophies, the British "natural" law, the remnants of Puritanism, and the provincial qualities of colonial America. (American Enlig...

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... to enlightened philosophy, political goals, and economic ambitions. Throughout these three phases, the philosophers of the enlightenment from chapter eighteen are represented in influencing the French revolution. These philosophers, including Locke, Smith, Wollstonecraft, Rousseau, and Montesquieu, proved as a guiding force through the best and worst parts of the French revolution. The first stage of the French Revolution was caused ... Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen and the Constitution of 1791, which created constitutional monarchy. The Declaration of the Rights of Man a...

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... they see things and adopt their ideas. Those leaders decided it was a reasonable way to create a better society. During this enlightenment period, the most commonly heard French philosophers were John Locke, Voltaire, Adam Smith, Thomas Hobbes, Baron Montesquieu, Denis Diderot, and others. They discarded traditional beliefs and began to use reason to explain the world around them. Hobbes based his theories ... on the government on his beliefs than men were greedy, selfish, and cruel. Locke believed that people could be reasonable and moral. Voltaire thought freedom of speech was the bes...

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... mankind (anyone who lived by the natural laws received it), progress in society, and liberty (society could be set free). Through out this period came great Enlightenment thinkers like John Locke and Voltaire. John Locke, the earliest Enlightenment thinker, was born in England in 1632. He was a political philosopher who criticized absolute monarchy and favored democracy. Because of his ideas ... Locke was put into exile like some other thinkers. His ideas not only influenced later Enlightenment thinkers, but also America and France because you can see that these ideas were expressed .....

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... Yale (1701), and Princeton (1747) broadened their curriculum to include courses such as mathematics, natural science, law, and science. The Enlightenment philosophers such as John Locke, and Thomas Hobbes believed in free education. Locke stated in his Essay Concerning Human Understanding (1690) that people are not born with innate ideas but rather acquire knowledge, opinion and behavior from sense experience. ... of the people. In other words, government's main role was to protect the rights off the people it administrated. This resembles a democratic philosophy titled consent of the go...

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... frontier alienated people from traditional European etiquette. The American Revolution proved that Enlightenment ideals were practical. America became the first country to revolt employing John Locke's concept of rebellion upon breach of contract. In addition, it (Locke as well) repudiated Jonathan Boucher's accepted assertion that "Man differs from man in everything that can be supposed to lead to supremacy and subjection." Thomas ... Jefferson spoke of Americans' "unalienable rights" and their natural equality (which according to Locke meant that no one had by nature the right to rule...

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... life. All the Enlightenment philosophers took part in defending our rights and later shaping our society for the better. John Locke emphasized that, we should all have natural rights to life, liberty, and property in order to have a strong good working government. Locke stated, "for society can never lose native [natural] and original right it has to preserve itself, which can ... ...

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... the state and the church; he felt that individuals should rely on themselves to make important decisions rather than having decisions imposed on them. An ideal government, according to John Locke, acts to protect its citizens' inalienable rights, specifically those in regard to property ownership. These concepts have founded modern government today, which has lead to the creation of one of ... ...

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... a new age enlightened by reason, science, and respect for humanity."(Encarta encyclopedia) Enlightenment philosophers questioned the past and appealed to reason. Many of them followed 17th-century English philosopher John Locke in believing that all individuals possessed certain "natural rights" such as life, liberty, and the pursuit of property, and that it was the responsibility of government to protect those rights ... 's. More than a series of ideas, the enlightenment became an attitude, altering the former way of life. The value that enlightened thinkers placed upon the natural righ...

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... a conversion, then and only then would he be a member of the "Elect." The inspiration for Edwards" religious concepts came from the works of John Locke, who was most responsible for many of the most notable Enlightenment attributes. "Locke held that physical sensations interpreted by the mechanical faculties of reason, memory, and judgment, were the entire basis of knowledge and experience. " In addition ... ...

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... and applied by the philosophs. Progress was the use of rational reason to achieve freedom and liberty. This view was expressed to varying degrees in the works of Thomas Jefferson, Locke, Rousseau, and Kant. Of these social philosophers perhaps Kant (1724-1804) summarizes the premise of the Enlightenment most concisely as "man's leaving his self-cased immaturity." (Sources of Western Tradition ... ...

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... scathing wit earned him two imprisonments in the Bastille and exile for a time in England, where he was greatly impressed by the society, institutions, and thought, particularly that of John Locke, a political theorist, and John Bacon, the developer of the modern scientific method. Voltaire admired the English constitutional monarchy and supported the "benevolent despotism" of rulers, such as Frederick II of ... ...

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... leaders that affected the actual revolution. The teachings of 18th-century French philosophers and continental writers on law, such as Emmerich de Vattel, as well as the theories of John Locke, were implicit in the colonial arguments based on the theory of natural rights. The colonials claimed that Parliament had the sovereign power to legislate in the interest of the entire ... ...

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... were paid. Colonists were especially sensitive to the violation of their rights as Englishmen because of the legacy of colonial religious and political ideas. Ideas from the Enlightenment, especially John Locke, furnished the colonists beliefs that they deserved basic rights that Britain was not giving to them. Enlightenment ideals including the importance of the individual were very powerful in colonial America ... ...

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... Irish. It were great philosophers like Macchievelli, especially important in France where the idea of power sharing was still not even to a certain extent reality like in England, Descartes, Rousseau, Locke, Voltair, Kant and many others who developed the ideas of civil liberty, political liberty, equality and Republicanism which spread all over Europe. When they came to America they were quoted ... ...

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... America consisted of scientific texts, based on the theories of Descartes, Leibnitz, and Newton, which circulated freely in the colonies" (Keen 161). The creoles were influenced by the ideas of Locke, such as the ideas of checks and balances, property rights, rule of the majority, sovereignty resides with the people, and religious freedom. Rousseau contributed the social contract theory, popular will ... ...

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... happiness at the end. His final statement, "but let us cultivate our garden, " can be interpreted as secular salvation through work, as cultivate means "to labor," and "our garden,"" is a metaphor for happiness. Candide had to persevere through his journey to find his happiness, he could not idly stand by and wait for happiness to come to him. Candide's words also ... ...

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... change ahead. "These proceedings may at first appear strange and difficult; but, like all other steps which we have already passed over, will in a little time become familiar and agreeable- (39). Thomas Paine effectively and rationally supported his thesis in Common Sense. His reasoning was simple, and for the most part to the point. I do not believe the peace was oversimplified ... ...

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... prisoners. Foucault sees the penopticon as a means of "inducing in the inmate a state of conscious and permanent visibility that assures the automatic functioning of power" (Foucault, 201), using it as a metaphor to describe how people internalize social discipline on themselves because they are under continual observation. The penoptic society within one's episteme allows for total surveillance, thus creating an intense fear ... ...

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