... politicizing research. 2. Literature Review For advocates of the rational policy model, evidence succumbs to ideology and the focus is on the application of what works (Roberts 2005, Young et al. 2002, Cartwright & Hardie 2012) – this phrase encapsulates positivist managerialist and technocratic notions of process-centricism and productivity improvements (Trinder 2000, Solesbury 2001, 2002). But ... relationship demonstrating adherence to research does not always have the desired outcome. Albeit pivotal, this work is relatively outdated as it dismisses the significance practical-know-...

• Word Count: 2455
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• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... Relevance of the Statement of Significance of the Research. Kyngãs (1999, pg 195) states "non-compliance with health is a major problem-. LaGreca (1990), Michauf et al (1991), Bosley et al (1995) and Adams et al (1997) support this statement as their studies have shown that approximately "50% of all chronically ill adolescents show poor compliance-. Previous studies have also indicated "asthma is the ... was directly involved with favourably support the findings of the current study. The statistic "50% of all chronically ill adolescents show poor compliance- (LaGreca (1990), Michauf et ...

• Word Count: 1644
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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... Moreover, not all customers generate acceptable cost and revenue streams. For example, in retail banking, some 50-60 percent of customers may be unprofitable (Carroll 1991-1992, Storbacka et al 1994). It has been suggested therefore, that the firm should actively encourage relationships with profitable customers and attempt to terminate relationships with unprofitable customers In Reichheld's (1996) words, ... new customers, and it is commonly assumed that customer satisfaction serves as a particularly important antecedent of customer retention and thus long-term customer relationships ...

• Word Count: 5961
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• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... decreased, while social anxiety remained constant throughout the semester. This study also showed that the level of social support at home and at college helps decrease homesickness. Brewin et al. (1989) concluded that homesickness is predicted by "greater self-reported dependency" on others and also by higher expectations that many college freshmen experience homesickness. Another ... sociotropic students, who are characterized by high levels of dependence on others, an excessive need to please others, and a vulnerability to clinical depression, to autonomous students, Beck et al. (2003...

• Word Count: 1005
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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... . Self reports and informant reports were used incorporating the "best known contemporary trait models of personality, the Telleger and the Five Factor models of personality structure- (Amell et. al. 2003: 504). They endured an all day long health assessment "physical examination, personality assessment and dental examination. Upon completion of a multi-dimensional personality questionnaire, ... a questionnaire asking them to rate the individual using a brief version of the Big Five Inventory': extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, emotional stability, and openness to experien...

• Word Count: 624
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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... resiliency in delinquency is a relatively new endeavor. Even recently, the concept of desistence in life course study has been viewed as a stable, discrete "end- state rather than a developmental process (Bushway et al., 2001). Many recent studies have instead devoted more focus on recidivism with policy-related motivations and there have simply been few theoretical explanations for desistence (Shover & Thompson, 1992). However, with ... example, many life course investigations into delinquency attend to the relationship between age and offending but in doing so confound what are two di...

• Word Count: 672
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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... between the university college laboratories and businesses to use precise technology) as well as the spin-off. There are many other models that describe the process of technology transfer (souder, et al., 1990). Soudersov model ( Figure 2 ) on the transfer of technology, resulting in eight models for technology transfer. It is one of the general design, because not only focuses on technology transfer ... 2000. In 2004 also showed that the design and launch of university spin-offs depend on the activity of individuals who are involved in the formation of new companies (Gartner et. al., 2...

• Word Count: 7284
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• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... study" asserts that sociocultural networks help develop academic success amongst doctoral learners. The third article entitled "Critical thinking in Distance Education and Traditional Education" written by Visser et al looks at the development of critical thinking amongst traditional and distance education students. The three empirical articles utilized as it relates to our doctoral identity were designed to show the ... studies. Baker and Lattuca study focuses on doctoral learners and the importance of networks and sociocultural perspective in developing self-identity. Visser et al stu...

• Word Count: 1082
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• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... students' academic achievement between co-taught and non-co-taught settings, and what is the added value of peer tutoring is implemented in the context of a co-taught setting (McDuffie et al., 2009). The authors hypothesized that students in peer tutoring would do better than those without the peer tutoring, a co-taught classroom would lend some benefit to the effectiveness of the ... intervention, and the co-teaching environments would be characterized by individual student teacher interactions (McDuffie et al., 2009). The study also examines variables such as interaction between the st...

• Word Count: 775
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• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... and management, believes that Fayol's five managerial functions such as planning, organizing, commanding, coordinating, and controlling does not accurately describe the complex nature of the managerial work of organizations. (Mintzberg, et al., 2006) He thinks that these five managerial functions assume that managers analysis the situation rationally and perceive the information accurately before making managerial decisions in the real world. (Mintzberg ... )In addition, some theorists believe that Taylor's Scientific Management Theory only reflected individual's empirical observations a...

• Word Count: 1391
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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... the 1980s that researchers started to use the technique in the traffic environment. By now several CV studies concerning the value of traffic safety have been conducted e.g. Jones-Lee et al. and Persson et al. The research on CV today focus on how to deal with/eliminate the possible biases (i.e. the discrepancy between values obtained by the study and real market values) of the ... crashes. It is estimated that 25.6% of the crashes in the 1995 CDS data involved driver inattention or distraction, with 13.2% specifically involving distraction. Following the same protocol as Wang et al., w...

• Word Count: 4198
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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... and reliability. Analysis, results, discussions, concussions and recommendations must have a logical flow throughout the research. All reference materials must be accurate because they contain useful sources of further information (Riegelman et al. 2013). Part 2: Qualitative Research On the other hand, critical analysis of a qualitative study comprises a comprehensive review of how the research was undertaken. The researcher clearly identifies the topic under study ... objective account of the research subject. The research questions in a qualitative research must be well defined to dir...

• Word Count: 587
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• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... his phobia is a lack of a strong attachment with his mother. In the psychodynamic approach, there was no original scientific experiment carried out by Freud, but later studies such as Adams et al (1996) who looked into homophobia began to use objective ways to gather their findings. On the other hand, Psychology tries to gain empirical evidence and uses scientific methods. It uses ... such as laboratories can produce objective data. The biological and cognitive approaches use animal studies and brain scans to look at the DNA, genes and neurotransmitters. As an example, Saccone et al (20...

• Word Count: 845
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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... to examine his brain after his death with the consent of his family (Zola-Morgan, Squire, and Amaral, 1989). Our research also includes the evaluation of a report conducted by Astur, et al (1982) that measured people's abilities to utilize memory and to exhibit alloccentric spatial behavior by incorporating the use of distal cues in a simple navigation task A virtual version of the Morris ... variations of those tests have been created to measure the rats" ability to utilize relational learning and allocentric spatial behavior. Some tests measure egocentric and allocentric aspects of be...

• Word Count: 1152
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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... researcher as they may not have had previous interaction so may not be aware of their behaviour in the first place so, they would take it as the norm (Peterson et al, ek313, online). However, field notes and structured coding are being done live therefore as this approach has the advantage of the researcher being already aware of what they need to ... ...

• Word Count: 1983
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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... with students in K-12 schools in an introductory biology class. Surveys, interviews, and observations were all used as means to describe project experiences. Goldman and colleagues (Goldman & Barron, 1990; Goldman et al., 1991) described effective sharing of an innovation in their work using hypermedia cases in teacher education. Included are detailed rationale and descriptions of how hypermedia technology is used in content ... ...

• Word Count: 8566
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• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... the researcher. The probability of this was increased, as the observations conducted was by Humphreys alone. Humphreys was criticized for his sympathy with the plight of his subject population (Beauchamp et al 1982), this emotional involvement could potentially have created a confirmation bias in the produced results. Humphrey's study was ecologically valid as the encounters observed took place in its natural environment. However ... ...

• Word Count: 826
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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... a certain phenomenon is true, that belief will persist despite evidence to the contrary; "Individuals are more likely to notice events that support their beliefs than those that do not- (Kelly, et al., quoted in Time Courier 6). The media reinforce these biases by seeking out quotations from so-called "experts- that can be turned into interesting headlines (Time Courier 5). Raso (4) also noted the ... ...

• Word Count: 1098
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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... , 2004) Empiricism was a philosophy based on the notion that humans are born with a tabula rasa, or "blank slate," upon which a person's experiences and perceptions are recorded throughout her life. (Bernstein et al, 1997) Locke acknowledges that humans have inherent propensities that monitor our thought, emotion, and bodily processes, but that concepts of religion, politics, math, and science are all impressions that have ... ...

• Word Count: 296
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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... esteem, and no realistic conflict is needed. There are also some experiments testing each theory; one of the experiments testing the remote conflict theory is the experiment done by Sherif et al (1961) where the experimenters got a summer camp of boys and split them into two groups (social categorisation) and the boys also gave their teams their own name and flag. They ... ...

• Word Count: 484
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... a service business's competitive advantage. How ever for many of the constructs presented in the model, such as brand equity, communication and goods effect, psychometric scales are not currently available (Bharadwaj et al. 1993). The heterogeneity of firms in the micro environment is evident throughout the world's economies (Hunt & Morgan, 1995). The diversity of firms in the market economies is directly contrary to ... ...

• Word Count: 1015
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... versus efficacy research. The position that all psychosocial treatments are all pretty much the same was labeled the "dodo bird verdict" by Luborsky, Singer, and Luborsky (1975). For example, Wampold et al (1997) conducted a meta-analyses in which they tested the hypothesis that the effect size for comparisons between different types of psychotherapy is zero. In fact, most large-scale reviews and ... ...

• Word Count: 1583
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate