The department is responsible for income support, housing policy, community support, disability services, childcare services and various family issues. ... In 1977 FaCS established Centrelink, which delivers income support payments and services on behalf of the department to nearly 7 million people. ... Mr Smith was not elegible for any income support payments and had not previously received MAA, two of the requirements of obtaining MAA. ... The "Increase to Family Tax Benefit a Boost for families" article posted on the Centrelink site on the 19th June 2001 links to scenario 3. ... The articl...

• Word Count: 2015
• Approx Pages: 8
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

What in your opinion are the impacts on living in poverty for children and families? ... The children who live in such families as often subjected to mental and emotional torture due to the lack of basic amenities, violence in families, unsuitable living conditions, etc. The children of those families suffer from low health and hygiene, they are usually neglected due to large number of siblings, and also, they start working when they are really young to support their families. ... This kind of lag from the side of the structure or government might lead people to rely on their family for suppor...

• Word Count: 1257
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Women were financially dependent on men and lost their financial support as a consequence of separation, divorce and/or death. ... For example, "51.6% of lone parent families headed by women are poor" (Morris, 2014, para.4). ... Women, particularly from Asia, make up the majority of migrant workers and often do not keep their earnings as they send their earnings back home to support their families. ... Often times these women leave their own children and families behind to come to Canada. ... Cool (2010) further supports the idea that the gender wage gap is largely due to women'...

• Word Count: 2919
• Approx Pages: 12
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

In August 1996, President Bill Clinton changed the way the American poor would support themselves financially. ... Guidelines are set by each state to determine how much assistance each family will receive. ... With TANF funds, states can provide families who receive welfare, who formerly received cash welfare, as well as families who have never received cash welfare with supplemental income. ... Recipients can no longer fall back on cash benefits for their means of financial support, where before the reform, recipients could return to welfare whenever they so desired. ... Many "Welfare-to-Wor...

• Word Count: 3005
• Approx Pages: 12
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

A major cause of this is that Maori and Pacifica ethnicities are over-represented in low-income families with over 80% of Housing New Zealand tenants are either Māori or Pacific (Boston & Chapple, 2014, p177). ... A staggering 66% of those tenants were families, the children in these families are those that face the greatest risk of health implications from our poor housing quality. ... 'Functional crowding', (limited number of (bed)rooms, occupied by maximum number of people) is becoming another increasingly common issue in low-income families. It is commonly found among families ...

• Word Count: 2083
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The study concluded that policy makers should increase the EITC for low income working families, which will help raise these families income to where they are more likely to invest in the development of their offspring. ... The experimental families got a 50% boost in income. ... From this article it also shows that when families are provided with income support and employment increase, it improves a child's achievements, although when just provided with employment increase nothing really changes, which then ask the questions, is one of the number one reasons for child poverty income. .....

• Word Count: 2164
• Approx Pages: 9
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The four basic institutions of family, religion, education and mass media in the Philippines are quite concerned about this phenomenon of social stratification. ... While this is happening, the family and the education institutions support in one way or another the trend of action as a matter of lessening the impact. One initiative that I have noted is the fast growing movement being done by a renewed Catholic community, the Couples for Christ, which is family-based with far reaching influence in educational and media establishments. ... In one of its programs for alleviating poverty, Gawa...

• Word Count: 770
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Among these families, a majority are unemployed with little to no education. ... Circumstances vary; nonetheless, Hispanics may fail to get an education because of working to help support the family. Neglecting to receive an education causes families to be trapped in impoverished living. ... According to the article, "Getting Latino Youth through High School: Aspirations and Family Support Can Offset Obstacles" an education program founded in, Houston, Project GRAD now serves low income students and poor schools across the nation. ... Teachers participate in multiple workshops that a...

• Word Count: 1797
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

These, being especially contributing to documental immigrant families. Thus the authors suggest a strategic approach for improving ECE participation rates among these families. First, they note, that making pre-school attendance strictly mandatory is one way to benefit both native born and immigrant children, with provided statistics as supporting evidence. ... Finally, I agree with the authors when they suggest that participation in ECE programs aid in supporting immigrant parents to realize the educational goals that they have for their children. ... Agencies that implement or support public...

• Word Count: 1482
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Families with children constitute approximately 35 percent of the homeless 4. ...working people account for an average of 30 percent of the homeless 5. ...homelessness is found to be a chronic and recurring event." ... Stagnating wages, lack of health insurance, domestic violence, changes in social services and welfare programs, cuts in benefit programs, such as Aid to Families with Dependent Children, Food Stamps and Elderly Assistance, single parent families, drug addiction, mental health problems, natural disasters, job displacement due to military actions, and affordable housing shor...

• Word Count: 2494
• Approx Pages: 10
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

This means that there is no one, friend or family, who can provide emergency shelter and there are no financial resources available to the individual or family with which to purchase shelter. Individuals or families facing eviction are not yet homeless and therefore do not qualify for homeless services (West Virginia Bureau for Children and Families). ... The 1988 Family Support Act required that AFDC-UP be implemented in all states by 1994. ... As mandated by the Family Support Act of 1988, recipients who are less than three months pregnant or who have children over three years of age must at...

• Word Count: 4318
• Approx Pages: 17
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

This program is targeted to provide nutritional support for low-wage working families, low-income seniors,and people with disabilities who may have fixed incomes. ... To support farmers, the federal government bought basic farm commodities at discount prices and distributed them among hunger relief agencies in states and local communities (SNAP, 2014). ... Through my personal experience I can relate to how the designed goals of this policy has helped my family and me. ... According to the Center on Budget and Policy Priorities, 12% of the federal budget supports and provide aid to individuals ...

• Word Count: 1436
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

These variations of ways Puerto Rican immigrants earned a salary was not too different from each other, since all of these ways of earning an income for a living was not enough to live a normal life and support their family. ... Schooling for children from poor Puerto Rican families wa...

• Word Count: 3236
• Approx Pages: 13
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

As a result, the nation's population of homeless families swelled from almost minor numbers to nearly 1.4 million. ... Persons in families are more than twice as likely as single clients to have been homeless for three months or less (49 versus 23 percent), while single clients are almost three times as likely as people in families to be in homeless spells that have lasted more than two years (34 versus 13 percent). (2) Difficulties caused by lack of affordable housing and lack of shelter space is exacerbated by restrictions on who is deemed eligible for shelter. ... Whether people who ex...

• Word Count: 1729
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Additionally, agricultural development is another large initiative of the foundation and strategically reduces hunger and poverty for millions of farming families by increasing productivity in a sustainable way. ... When farmers are able to earn a higher profit margin, they are better able to support and invest in their families. ...

• Word Count: 609
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Many have experienced the suffering of their mother's and families deteriorating due to depression. ... Kazin's family suffered from poverty, along with his mother suffering from symptoms of depression. ... I experienced watching my mother struggle endlessly to provide for our family everyday throughout my childhood. ... Her family was poor during her childhood, and her mother was depressed as well. ... Coiro's analyses states directly that, "Significantly higher levels of depressive symptoms were found in woman who grew up in households receiving financial aid, who were on welf...

• Word Count: 1291
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

With less support from the government, people made adjustments and adaptations to new living conditions by cutting down expenditure and joining illegal activities. ... Among the poor families, food were the primary concern. ... Undoubtedly, inadequate diet and lack of nutrients had brought many health issues to these poor family in rural area. ... Malnutrition began to appear among poor families particularly in children (UNDP). ... To make the 'cutting down expenditure' method work more effectively, many poor families decided to reduce spending on education. ...

• Word Count: 1435
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Domestic violence includes elder or child abuse or violence by one partner against another in an intimate relationship such as marriage, cohabitation, dating or within the family (Shipway, 2004). Gender based violence within the family includes torture, physical assault, financial abuse, rape and sexual violence and control of movement and social contacts (Pahl, 2005). Children who witness family violence have health problems such as headaches, peptic ulcers, fear, withdrawal, anxiety, sadness, asthma, and abdominal pains. ... The disease can be controlled by social leaders and governments spe...

• Word Count: 761
• Approx Pages: 3
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Contributing factors include: family problems, throwaways, homeless families, residential instability, foster care and other residential programs, institutional contact, and socioeconomic pressures. ... Many children attempt to deal with their difficult family situations. ... It is obvious to me that love between parent and child is lacking in most families. ... Another cause of juvenile homelessness is that more and more families are losing their houses. ... Whatever the causes may be, the result is an increasing population of homeless families with children. ...

• Word Count: 3188
• Approx Pages: 13
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Yonnondio is a complex text about Olsen's family, the Holbrooks, and the policies that impacted every family in 1930's America. ... Yonnondio goes beyond telling one family's story of the 1920's to espouse Olsen's political ideology about 1930's Depression America. ... Olsen goes to great length to illustrate how poverty causes family and societal deterioration. ... Olsen is suggesting that the poor, recognizing each other's dilemma, act to encourage and support each other's efforts to "breathe" and take action to escape the poverty that engulfs the...

• Word Count: 917
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The greater challenge for most families is inadequate financial resources which make them hard to meet daily expenses of the children to go ahead. ... Economic hardships and other deprivation in Queens New York families can have profound effects on the children's development and their prospectors for the future and the society as a whole. Low family income can affect children's cognitive growth and development of their ability to learn. ... The family's needs help in child care and more assistance to identify reliable, nurturing care for the children to boost the future producti...

• Word Count: 1064
• Approx Pages: 4
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

This shows that even though there was government support the government pushed for private investment. ... In 2012, Rousseff added another welfare program the Brasil Carinhoso (Caring Brazil) programme, which helped low-income families with young children by providing them with a state subsidy of R $70 per month in addition to existing benefits under the Bolsa Famlia initiative (EW). ...

• Word Count: 458
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Many of the poverty stricken families live in the three poorest most densely populated provinces of the island; Antanarivo, Fianarantsoa, and Toamasina. For many farmers and fishers working in Madagascar, the overall amount of food they produce in a season is not sufficient enough to feed their families as well as use their produce to have a steady income (Rural Poverty Portal, 2013). ... In more affluent areas of Madagascar, some families may have the option to have a few basic fruits and vegetables that grow locally such as; carrots, potatoes, peppers, coconuts, bananas and pineapples if the...

• Word Count: 939
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Opposite to a widespread misinterpretation, welfare mothers do not tend to have especially large families, most having one or two children with only a small number giving birth to more. ... If you are not able to support a child, not responsible, or mature enough for parenthood it will only hurt the child. ... Young teenage girls have this feeling that the father of the child will be there to love and support both of them. Statistics show that most of them leave the mother to support the child on their own with no financial support whatsoever. ...

• Word Count: 2953
• Approx Pages: 12
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The OECD suggests that investing in human capital is the policy maker's best option as they can provide freely accessible and high-quality public services, such as education, health and family care. ... Complete equality cannot exist and therefore this socialism ideology cannot be applied to our society, therefore, liberalism is still idealistic as it supports the people below the poverty line and helps them transfer to the middle class. ... The conservatism ideology states that "policies that encourage dependency on the state should be avoided" (Turner & Turner, 28) however t...

• Word Count: 1480
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate