Female circumcision, the partial or total cutting away of the external female genitalia, has been practiced for centuries. ... Opponents of female circumcision, also known as female genital mutilation (FGM), see it as a violation of human rights. Female circumcision is practiced in many forms. ... The origins of female circumcision are relatively unknown. ... Female circumcision crosses religious lines. ...

• Word Count: 2909
• Approx Pages: 12
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Globally, at least 2 million girls a year are at risk of female genital mutilation (FGM), approximately 6,000 per day. ... Female genital mutilation, also known as female circumcision, is an extreme example of efforts common to societies around the world to suppress women's sexuality, ensure their subjugation, and control their reproductive functions. Female genital mutilation is the collective name given to several different practices that involve the cutting of female genitals. ... In the communities where FGM takes place, it is referred to as "female circumcision." ... The degree of ...

• Word Count: 2699
• Approx Pages: 11
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

They would either kill the infant or abandon it to die on its own. ... Male infants were judged by height and size of body parts. ... Female infants were judged just as harshly because the Spartans believed that the bigger and better built a female infant was the better chance at reproducing and carrying a bigger and better Spartan male child there would be. ... Killing small infants or deformed infants would prevent future generations from having deformed off spring. ... By ridding of deformed infants it would ensure that this could happen. ...

• Word Count: 3109
• Approx Pages: 12
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The first agent that plays that biggest part in the socialisation process of infants is the family, in particular parents, and this is referred to the primary agent of socialisation. ... Chodorow focused on Ego boundaries and the connection between infants and their primary caregiver. ... It is the infants' realisation that a mother does not depend on the infant for survival that develops a tension. ... In continues to be supported with 66.67% of females identifying they feel a greater connection with their mothers. ... Where, 100% of female schools offer netball (see figure 4). ...

• Word Count: 2543
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The aim was to define ways and means to increase the rates of enrolment and attainment in school for young females. ... Educated females have the confidence to seek medical help for themselves and their children. ... This will dramatically lower infant mortality and morbidity leading to much improved general health for the new generation. 3. ... Female education leads to the postponement of family formation and childbearing. ... Through their role as primary caregivers, females have a disproportionate impact on their children. ...

• Word Count: 5954
• Approx Pages: 24
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Socialisation: Socialisation is a process by which people learn the accepted ways of behaving in the society and the roles, norms, values and culture of the society and a sense of self.it mainly takes place during childhood, but continues throughout life via various agencies like education, mass media etc. There are two types of socialisation, primary socialisation, which is the early form of socialisation in the family and close community and secondary socialisation, which takes place beyond the family and close community, such as through education system, mass media and work place. Socialis...

• Word Count: 2543
• Approx Pages: 10
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Shelley's mother was a pioneer feminist writer who had made her name with her revolutionary ideas opposing the patriarchal oppression of the female gender. ... In doing this, Shelley is able to portray the consequences of a social construction which values the male gender over female, thus challenging the devaluation of the female gender apparent in her society. ... It is revealed that the world of scientific discovery in 19th Century Europe was not one which included the female gender. ... By stealing the female role of reproduction, Frankenstein destroyed the female's biological...

• Word Count: 2624
• Approx Pages: 10
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The female is, as it were, a mutilated a sort of natural deficiency. It is not appropriate in a female character to be manly or clever. The male is by nature superior and the female inferior." ... Various researchers have theorized the causal mechanism behind domestic violence, have studied the characteristics of both the female victim and the male perpetrator, and have researched the effects on men, women, and the invisible victims of domestic violence: the children. ... Additionally, the emotional, psychological, and behavioral impact on the female victim and her children will be presented t...

• Word Count: 5880
• Approx Pages: 24
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

I will then address the crisis of masculinity, hegemonic masculinity, and female criminality and will finish on concepts of sport and masculinity. ... The inequality in gender patterns between males and females is not a new concept; men have always been associated extensively with violence compared to women. ... This experiment was conducted in the way that 'a group of infants watched a film depicting an adult violently attacking a rubber 'Bobo' doll' (Hale et al. 2013: 124). ...

• Word Count: 3847
• Approx Pages: 15
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Mental Disorders Mental disorders make up 15 % of the burden of diseases in established market economies. A mental illness is describe as any disturbance of emotional equilibrium, as manifested in maladaptive behavior and impaired functioning, caused by genetic, physical, chemical, biological, psychological, or social and cultural factors. Schizophrenia is a disease that strikes people in their prime. It does not matter who you are, you can be diagnosis with schizophrenia. A disease not to be taken likely that often affects pregnant women is postpartum depression. ...

• Word Count: 3557
• Approx Pages: 14
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

If a doctor or any health care professional just stood by during the birth of a child and both the child and the mother were dying, how could that doctor stand there and watch both the mother and the infant die without taking some method of action. ... If we compare a severely defective human infant with a non-human animal, a dog or a pig, for example, we will often find the non-human to have superior capacities, both actual and potential, for rationality, self-consciousness, communication, and any other that can plausibly be considered morally significant" (Singer 201). ... However, in German...

• Word Count: 2725
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

In 1979, the Chinese government selected to make Chinese communism more open and capitalistic. Under the new leadership of Deng Xiaoping, China revolutionized its policy on fertility and wealth. The government wanted to do more than just equitably divide up wealth; instead, it started focusing on ...

• Word Count: 2555
• Approx Pages: 10
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Enhanced medical technology led to an increase in human longevity and a decrease in infant mortality. ... A highly developed medicine, levonorgestrel emergency contraceptive like birth control is a female hormone that prevents ovulation and makes it hard for sperm to reach the uterus (Jakab, 2007). ...

• Word Count: 2993
• Approx Pages: 12
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The Medicalization of Childbirth: A Brief History For centuries, medicine and religion devalued the roles and traits of females and through patriarchal ideology and misogynist views of women's reproductive abilities, excluded women from power in society. ... However, until the 17th century, childbirth was an exclusively female domain, and men were only involved in problematic deliveries. ... As Cahill (2001) argues, this shift in control is just one of the examples of the hierarchy of knowledge which puts academia above experience, indicating that scientific knowledge is inherently "...

• Word Count: 3380
• Approx Pages: 14
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Homelessness Among the Young: Law Enforcement and Runaway Juveniles. Abstract Throughout my paper, I discussed the question of what it means to be homeless. Several characteristics of this heterogeneous population are mentioned, as well as estimates of the group. Why is it that juveniles are...

• Word Count: 3188
• Approx Pages: 13
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Abortion is the ending of pregnancy by the removal or forcing out from the womb of a fetus or embryo before it is able to survive on its own. surgical methods appear to have a lower risk of side effects. Abortion in the developed world has a long history of being among the safest procedures in medic...

• Word Count: 3930
• Approx Pages: 16
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Term paper topic: Solutions to counter adverse selection in Managed Health Care A. Introduction: During the class sessions of ECON 253, we have discussed the basics of social insurance and hence, took a broad view on the US health care market. The US health care industry is massive as it employs about 10 million people and accounts for about 13.5 percent of GDP. Interestingly, only 17 percent of total health expenses are paid out of pocket through consumers - private insurance pays 35 percent, government 45 percent. After 2nd World War, health insurance had been crucially pr...

• Word Count: 4357
• Approx Pages: 17
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Definition The use of illicit or illegal drugs or the abuse of prescription or over-the-counter drugs for purposes other than those for which they are indicated or in a manner or in quantities other than directed. History of Drug Abuse Humans have used drugs of one sort or another for thousands of years. Wine was used at least from the time of the early Egyptians; narcotics from 4000 B.C.; and medicinal use of marijuana has been dated to 2737 B.C. in China. But not until the 19th cent. A.D. were the active substances in drugs extracted. ...

• Word Count: 5106
• Approx Pages: 20
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

In a world where so many people from all spheres of influence are suffering and being plagued by this deadly virus that has spread and almost engulfed the whole world, it is of great importance to look at the way in which Christianity have done or need to do in response to HIV and AIDS. There are many people who have praised or still praise small Christian communities which have developed some social groups as a way of responding to the call of those in need of help, those who are suffering in one way or the other from HIV and AIDS. On the other hand some patients have experienced hell on eart...

• Word Count: 5303
• Approx Pages: 21
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

DISORDER OF THE FEMALE REPRODUCTION SYSTEM INTRODUCTION The ovulatory cycle is governed by an elaborate neuroendocrine system involving the brain, adenohypophysis and ovaries and is regulated by complex feedback systems. ...

• Word Count: 9441
• Approx Pages: 38
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

He sported trademark sunglasses, and surrounded himself with an eye-catching female security element. ... Gaddafi was reportedly injured and his infant daughter killed in the United States attack (history.com). ...

• Word Count: 2734
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

"A Little Cloud" connotatively expresses in itself an effeminacy and fragility that little Chandler's personality holds. The precision and care of his appearance is a reaction to needing to be in social order. This makes up for his ineffectuality by customizing what he can control. The common practices of clothing and manner are reachable endeavors for a man who does not have what he wants, nor is whom he likes. Chandler's inability to be the personification of men like Gallaher, an ideal archetype that Chandler has a need to feel in close and personal interaction with, becomes mani...

• Word Count: 3141
• Approx Pages: 13
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

 One of the actions I took to promote a system change was to partner with The John Burton Foundation (JBF), The Children's Law Center (CLC) and Larkin Street Youth Services (LSYS) and go up to the Sacramento State Capitol and Lobby and inform legislators about SB 528 (Parents in Foster Care). F...

• Word Count: 2915
• Approx Pages: 12
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

A little larger than the state of Arizona with 301,230 sq. km, Italy is located in southern Europe, and extends its boot shape into the central Mediterranean Sea. Rome, the national capital, is located in the center of the country. The majority of people in Italy are Roman Catholic. The southern part of Italy is hot and dry, while the northern tip of the country is much cooler. Most of the country is covered by mountains, but some areas have coastal lowlands and plains. ...

• Word Count: 3465
• Approx Pages: 14
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Linda Spear (2000a,b) suggests that the following changes are all typical of adolescence and should, along with other factors, be considered in any attempt to define its range: 1) Increase in time spent with peers, decrease in time spent with family 2) Increased risk-taking and exploration (could include experimentation with drugs and alcohol) 3) Females show an increased focus on children 4) Increase in conflicts with family 5) Typically an increase in eating (though not so in some Western cultures) 6) Changes in sleep patterns, including a tendency to go to sleep...

• Word Count: 2963
• Approx Pages: 12
• Grade Level: Undergraduate