... Cheese Justiciability Under Article II of the US Constitution, in order for a case to be justiciable in federal court, a matter must present actual case or controversy brought by a person who has standing (facing personal injury), ripeness (denial would result in immediate permanent harm) and not moot ( not already resolved with finality by other means). Commerce Clause Under article I of the constitution congress has ENUMERATED powers ... . Congress has the power to regulate INTERSTATE ... ...

• Word Count: 320
• Approx Pages: 1
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... Madison of Virginia, at age 36. Hamilton and Madison were hard working men who both wrote four essays per week. Although he wasn't as popular as the other two men, John Jay also contributed to the establishment of five of the eighty-five essays. He was older scholar and was later named as first chief justice of the Supreme Court. Hamilton, who had been famous due to his aid for ... George Washington during the ... ...

• Word Count: 310
• Approx Pages: 1
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The workings of the Constitutional convention and the ratification debate can be argued both ways: Power Elite, because the delegate members were of the upper class, wanting a central government with real power, and Pluralist, because of the compromises made when amending the Articles of Confederation and also when working to ratify the Constitution. My perspective focuses on the pluralist theory, political decisions and compromises among groups. The states involved in the convention were groups, or rather ... . He put forth that there could be three branches (executive, legislative, judicial)...

• Word Count: 336
• Approx Pages: 1
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... , democracy is a government which derives its powers from the consent of the people. This concept goes back to the ancient Greeks, however, as time has passed and societies have evolved, democracy has adapted to the new circumstances imposed through time and new interests keeping its essence intact. As Abraham Lincoln affirmed "Democracy is the government of the people, by the people, for the people". This observation poses several questions: Who is ... the people that should govern? Who decides what the best interest of the people is? Should it be a majority? Or should minorities be pro...

• Word Count: 246
• Approx Pages: 1
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... . Many legal documents are being violated in the issue of gay marriage. The Constitution, which is the highest law of the land is being violated in many different ways; the first is the fourteenth amendment. The fourteenth amendment states that all men have equal protection under the law; the denial of marriage is not equal protection or equal rights. According to article nine of the Constitution the enumeration, of certain rights, shall not be construed to ... deny or disparage others retained by the people. In other words the Constitution cannot be interpreted to deny or belittle the r...

• Word Count: 409
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The Articles of confederation was the first rough draft of the present constituition of the United States of America. The Articles had many weaknesses, but they still possessed some strengths. Many people say that the Articles of Confederation were important because they were a model of what a constitution ought to be. They were responsible for setting up the constitution as it is today, and overall, they were an important documents. The main problem with the Articles of Confederation was ... that it failed to give power to the federal government. The new states needed to unift under one cons...

• Word Count: 382
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... by electing officials that are concerned with the well-being of the majority of American citizens, the global community, and the Earth itself instead of monetarily inspired candidates that cater to the 1%. Just as James Madison prophesied in the Federalist Papers No. 10, minority rule is just as dangerous as tyranny of the majority. The U.S. government is currently dominated by those of the 1% and opposing factions continue to clash ... over appropriating funds to revenue-directed or human-directed endeavors. Can popular government be sustained despite the continuation of war by other m...

• Word Count: 600
• Approx Pages: 2
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

In 1777, the Continental Congress drafted the original constitution, for the union of the 13 founding states. This was known as the Articles of Confederation. Led by John Dickinson, the Congress designed a loose confederation, rather than a strong and centralized nation. This document encompasses many significant terms, but also includes a few weaknesses. However, the problems that arose in the Articles, were addressed in the newly drafted Constitution. The Constitution was the following document drafted by the Constitutional ... Convention in 1789, which revitalized the previous ... ...

• Word Count: 503
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... and ideas but there will, most of the time, be something that will be facing them. The Anti- Federalists viewed the constitution as the betrayal of the American Revolution. They saw themselves as the true defenders of the principles of the American Revolution. They argued that the articles of confederation were the constitutional embodiment of the principles on which the revolution was based. Because of that the inventors of the constitution thought of changing it. They stood for federalism in opposition to what they ... called consolidating tendency and intention of the constitution, o...

• Word Count: 431
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... will not be admitted into court as evidence, unless a search warrant was obtained to search for, and seize the property in question. It is rightfully this way because of the protections that the Fourth Amendment provides. The Fourth Amendment states that "The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and ... property seized by a law enforcement officer without a warrant will be examined during a hearing by the courts to determine if one of these few exceptions applied. If none of the exceptions applied then the property ...

• Word Count: 615
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... data about every telephone call they have made, the number that was called, and the duration of the call. The NSA's action has caused a debate about whether or not the NSA surveillance has violated the Fourth Amendment. The NSA has many actions which relate to the Fourth Amendment. One of these actions is the NSA can collect metadata for all of telephone communications, track the numbers of both parties on a phone call, as well location ... , time and duration. The NSA can also access the smartphone app data ... ...

• Word Count: 775
• Approx Pages: 3
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... all-powerful first appeared in the Magna Carta, which King John was forced to sign in 1215. Under the Magna Carta, the principle of limited government was established, stating that the power of the monarch, or government was limited and not absolute. Like the Bill of Rights and the Declaration of Independence which would be drafted later on, this document provided for the protection against unjust punishment and the loss of life, liberty, and property ... except according to law. In the Magna Carta, the king also agreed that he ... ...

• Word Count: 700
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... trial by their peers in order to prove their innocence. A summons or complaint, which begins a civil lawsuit, or other means by which a court exercises jurisdiction over a person or thing or compels a person to appear and respond to a pleading. Abuse of process is an action that departs from proper legal process or the use of a legal process for an illegal or improper purpose, such as malicious ... or groundless issuance or service of a complaint. In this paper I will illustrate the legal and political importance of due process of law using the assigned reading from class including The ...

• Word Count: 1045
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... as they are, or even stirs people to anger. Speech is often provocative and challenging. It may strike at prejudices and preconceptions and have profound unsettling effects as it presses for acceptance of an idea. That is why freedom of speech, though not absolute, is nevertheless protected against censorship or punishment, unless shown likely to produce a clear and present danger ... to school in symbolic protest of the Vietnam War.4 Thus in keeping with the Spirit of the First Amendment that has influenced the rulings in the above mentioned cases, I sincerely believe that the college ...

• Word Count: 733
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... specific of the certain rights the citizens retained such as, the right to bear arms or the right to religious and political freedoms. Slavery was one of the issues left unresolved by the Constitution. At first, the southern states, backed by George Washington, were against slavery. However, they soon realized that slavery was a highly profitable revenue and their opinions changed accordingly. Still, the North and the South took their stands for and ... against slavery. "The Northwest Ordinance of 1787 had banned slavery in the Northwest Territory," and the international slave trade was...

• Word Count: 498
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... practices in a way that does not undermine the company's ability to conduct business, according to the Business for Social Responsibility. By doing this, it helps prevent lawsuits as well as giving everyone an equal opportunity of freedom of religion. The Bill of Rights to the US Constitution gives public employees the right of freedom of expression of religion. Although private employees are not protected by the Constitution, there are state and federal laws ... that can. People should not be discriminated against because of their religious beliefs or any belief for that matter. People...

• Word Count: 360
• Approx Pages: 1
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... of government. The main weakness of the Articles of Confederation was the inability to borrow money from the states. This was not only the biggest weakness, but also the most embarrassing factor for a new government, to be denied by its own states. The government could not force the states to pay them, and they flat out refused the government at times. Under the articles the government couldn't even force the states to comply with the Treaty of Paris, the ... treaty that ended the ... ...

• Word Count: 469
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Policing the Superhighway In the age of the Internet and the information super highway, billions of people have access to a seemingly infinite number of bytes of information. Nothing is utopian in design however, and alongside this information come such evils as racism and pornography. Perhaps the greatest evil is that children can readily receive things such as pornography. Not only is it easy to find, ... way to create a filter that allows adults to view porn and not children. But, that raises the issue of what defines a child. Age 5, age 10, age 16? There is no exact definition of a child...

• Word Count: 1195
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... itself constitute grounds for conviction. Another instance of governmental infringement of the liberties of American citizens is the well known Senate Sub-committee on un-American Activities headed by Joseph McCarthy. Thousands of people lost their livelihood and personal reputations were shattered by innuendo, finger pointing, and outright lies. As in earlier instances of uncontrolled excesses by people in government, guilt was assumed and protestations of innocence were evidence that ... "something" was being hidden. In 1993, rumblings were heard from the Democratic controlled Congres...

• Word Count: 2353
• Approx Pages: 9
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Democracy by its very definition is a system of government in which ultimate political authority is vested in the people. The founding fathers although familiar with the idea and concept of a democracy bowed more towards a republican-aristocracy were reputation and education more often prevailed. Around a decade earlier Thomas Jefferson essay "The Declaration of Independence" proposed a government for the people by the people, and who held the power to keep or overthrow that government ... as to how our future legislature would be comprised. They decided best for a bicameral congress were th...

• Word Count: 267
• Approx Pages: 1
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... with equal representation in the other. Thus the House of Representatives and the Senate were created. The executive branch enforces the laws and consists of the President of the United States. During George Washington's presidency, people had already realized that one person could not carry out the duties of the President without advice and assistance, so the founding fathers provided support for the President in the form of department heads (cabinet members), but the responsibility of all executive actions still ... lie solely on the President. The judicial ... ...

• Word Count: 528
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... between The Articles of Confederation and The Constitution is the representation of each state in the Congress. The Articles of Confederation set up a Congress that had one representative for each state and therefore did not give an equal representation in Congress for each citizen. The Constitution, however set up two houses in it's Congress. The House of Representatives gave each state a number of delegates in proportion to the population of that state. The second house, called the Senate ... , gave each state 2 representatives, regardless of size or population. This gave an equal repr...

• Word Count: 579
• Approx Pages: 2
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... of the activities; if one region will be harmed more than the other, how can equity be achieved? In light of the advantages and disadvantages of Federalism as a system of government, it still holds merit as being a system that limits the control of the centralized government by allowing regional voices to be heard on the national level while they monitor and control their local interests. Since Federalism does allow for modification of the extent of ... control of the centralized and regional governments, it can be altered as needed to suit the needs of the general populace on the ... ...

• Word Count: 585
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... because it was commonly ignored by the states, making it hard to receive the nine-state majority needed to pass laws. Because Congress couldn't regulate trade, the United States was unable to expand their market value with the population (Doc B). The Articles of Confederation was a decent attempt at a constitution by a brand-new country. The Articles while achieving some successes, were ineffective for the needs of the new nation. Trade could not ... be regulated and the country saw an economic downfall. The articles did do what they were established to ... ...

• Word Count: 515
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... because it was commonly ignored by the states, making it hard to receive the nine-state majority needed to pass laws. Because Congress couldn't regulate trade, the United States was unable to expand their market value with the population (Doc B). The Articles of Confederation was a decent attempt at a constitution by a brand-new country. The Articles while achieving some successes, were ineffective for the needs of the new nation. Trade could not ... be regulated and the country saw an economic downfall. The articles did do what they were established to ... ...

• Word Count: 518
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: Undergraduate