... the factors that assist the return of systemic venous blood to the heart. The factors that assist the return of the systemic venous blood to the heart are the contraction of skeletal muscles in the lower limbs and the pressure changes in the thorax and abdomen during respiration. Also, the presence of valves in the veins allows both of these pumps to contribute to the venous return. During the contraction of the skeletal muscles, the muscles would tighten around the ... the pedal region, the drop has two choices: he could go to the lateral plantar to the plantar arch to the left digital...

• Word Count: 830
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... glucose levels in check which will result in lower risk for developing diabetes. Physical activity can also prevent diseases in different physiological system likes the cardiovascular. Exercise can strengthen your heart, which is a muscle, and the effect of this is congestive heart failure risk reduction and stable, normal blood pressure. The best method for strengthening and conditioning the heart muscle is plyometrics, or anything involved with jumping. In general ... , aerobic exercises are the best form because they will train your heart and lungs. Improving the circulatory system wi...

• Word Count: 576
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... taking aspirin may reduce the severity of a heart attack and aid in thinning the blood, which could prevent blood clot forming in the arteries of the heart. Both of these preventative methods attempt to reduce the risk factors of serious heart problems. For the primary prevention plan, doctors suggest many factors to reduce the risks of having a heart attack. For example, smoking is the largest contributor for cardiovascular disease and particularly so for women. It takes ... less tobacco products to cause the same amount of harm for women than men. It has ... ...

• Word Count: 555
• Approx Pages: 2
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... will be addressed. In order to understand the tests, the disorders are defined and the etiologies given. Also, the clinical manifestations and treatment options are included for better understanding. The first type of valvular heart defect is aortic stenosis. That is the obstruction of flow from the left ventricle to aorta. The etiology involved with aortic stenosis includes congenital abnormality ... findings will typically reflect left ventricular hypertrophy. X-Rays will show left ventricular enlargement, aortic valve calcification, and other areas of the heart may be enlarged. (Oake...

• Word Count: 1276
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... of a healthy adult is 120mm Hg systolic and 80 mm Hg diastolic. However, this regularly changes in response to the needs of the body (e.g. under exercise blood pressure increases to supply the increased demand for oxygen to the tissues). ABP is dependent on the cardiac output of the heart (CO) and peripheral resistance (PR). Because ABP is proportional to both CO and PR we can use a formula to ... calculate ABP: ABP = CO x PR Since cardiac output is equal to heart rate x stroke volume, an increase in either of these factors would ... ...

• Word Count: 1242
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... consumer needs to know how to read food labels and determine what the various nutritional claims signify because the hidden sugars of modern foodstuffs accumulates in the body. Existing food labelling regulations make it problematic for Americans to determine how much refined sugar is being consumed. For example, the FDA and the American Heart Association define "sugar free" foods as those that contain less than .5 grams ... of sugar. While refined sugar and HFCS are not acute toxins like the F.D.A. regulates, they are chronic toxins, which ... ...

• Word Count: 2214
• Approx Pages: 9
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... consideration should be given to the frequency and duration (as well as the type) of interventions in future studies investigating the impact of music on mood in cancer patients (Archie, 2013)." Hypertension Relief and Blood Pressure Control Music has been proven effective in relieving hypertension and controlling blood pressure levels. A major risk factor for heart failure, hypertension is prevalent in ... people with percentages ranging from 25 to 55 percent with the overall percent being 31 ... .8 percent across the country. Music has been used in therapy to treat this condition as a...

• Word Count: 1952
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... , depressants, narcotics, and hallucinogens. Three other types of drugs - cannabis (marijuana), inhalants, and designer drugs - have the same effects as some drugs in the four major groups. Steroids are not considered psychoactive drugs but are abused for other reasons. Stimulants are drugs that stimulate, or speed up, nerve activity. Nicknames include nicotine, cocaine, crack, coke, ... amphetamines (speed/uppers), methamphetamines (ice, glass, crystal meth), caffeine. The physical effects of these drugs are: increased heart rate, blood pressure and breathing. Increased energy, restless...

• Word Count: 334
• Approx Pages: 1
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The National Institutes of Health (NIH) has released in 1998 a guidelines proving that 97 million American adults have weight problems. Researchers have said either 55% of americans are indeed obese or partially overweight. So what does it mean to be fat? Based on BMI measurement or body mass index in order to be considered partially obese someone has to be at least 20% more than the ideal weight 2. For example a male student like me 5"5 weighted 160 pounds, I would be considered medically overweight because ideally I should weight only 136 pounds for my age. We are more likely to see obese pe...

• Word Count: 200
• Approx Pages: 1
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... many, many more. Potassium is important in everyone's life because it is vital for many body functions. Every time you use a muscle, the muscle uses potassium to make it move. Also without potassium, the heart muscle can not beat. Loss of potassium can raise the percentage of the risk for you to develop heart disease. The best way to get potassium is to eat some unprocessed foods every day ... --fruits and vegetables, fresh meats, and milk. Convenience foods are fine occasionally, but fresh, unprocessed foods are an important part of the daily menu and should always ... ...

• Word Count: 277
• Approx Pages: 1
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... advantage of the fact that some physicians were already prescribing statins to heart-failure patients in addition to other drugs. The team studied the records of 551 patients who received treatment for heart failure at the Ahmanson-UCLA Cardiomyopathy Center. About 45% of the patients suffered from ischemic heart failure caused by a heart attack, while the rest suffered from nonischemic heart failure, caused ... by high blood pressure and other problems. Among the patients with ischemic heart ... more than 4,000 patients. Results are expected in a year or two. If the UCLA results are c...

• Word Count: 597
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... fractures that often happens older people. But a high dose of it can cause irreversible damage to kidneys and heart. Vitamin E may slow the progression of Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease and reduce the risk of prostate cancer. It also may help protect against heart disease and prevent heart attacks. But again, a high dose of vitamin E may cause upset stomach, dizziness, or increased blood pressure ... prevent a second heart attack. It reduced blood levels of homocysteine and blood pressure in patients who have had a heart attack or stroke. A study was done by Dr. A. Mangoni a...

• Word Count: 1257
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... every thirty children suffering from Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD) or Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), it is crucial that we carefully examine the treatments offered for these disabilities, which are spreading slowly through out the youth society ("ADDitude: Living Well with Attention Deficit"). ADHD and ADD are mental disorders that are most prevalent in childhood, ... and cause hyperactivity and inattentive or impulsive behavior. The treatments for ADHD and ADD include stimulant medication, non-stimulant medication and behavioral therapy. The majority of children who...

• Word Count: 1198
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... of suffocation or possible death. Suffocation occurs because the oxygen in the lungs is displaced or it depresses the central nervous system. The effects for amyl and butyl nitrate include rapid pulse and headache. They have the same adverse reactions of nitrous oxide. Chlorohydrocarbons and hydrocarbons have such effects as, decreased heart rate and respiratory rates, and impaired judgement. The adverse and overdose reaction include; drowsiness, dizziness, slurred ... usually mimic opium, morphine, and heroine. Three well known designer drugs are fentanyl, meperidine, and MDMA. Fentany...

• Word Count: 1349
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... - this is the one major risk factor for heart disease by far. If high blood pressure goes poorly treated, the artery walls will become injured, in turn, raising the threat of increasing a blood clot, Radiation therapy - professors from the Karolinska Institutet, Sweden, described in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology that radiation therapy can raise the possibility of heart disease well ahead ... with carbohydrates, specifically when they contain mainly processed foods, can quicken the buildup of fat deposits inside the blood vessels, that will increase the risk of obesit...

• Word Count: 1287
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... is excessive enervation of the lungs. The mucus cells over secrete and the blood vessels supplying the lungs are dilated, there is swelling of the tissues and with this air passages become congested. A common treatment for asthmatic attacks is an injection of adrenaline ( Benzedrine inhaler) and surgery is not possible because the nerves that enervate the lungs are often confused with the ones leading to the heart. So the most effective treatment ... to cure asthma is therapy. If the person is re - learned and reconditioned then their PNS will no longer react to stressful ... ...

• Word Count: 1862
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... high blood pressure/hypertension and other cardiovascular disorders. According to the Texas Heart Institute Heart Information Service, researchers have identified several suggestions about how stress affects the heart: The increased heart rate and blood pressure that usually comes with a stressful situation can cause an increased demand for oxygen by the heart. This need for oxygen can bring on angina pectoris, or chest pain, ... in people who already have heart disease. (p. 4) During times of stress, the nervous system releases extra hormones (most ... an androgen, has an important rol...

• Word Count: 1493
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... serious complication develops. It has been estimated that 50% of those with hypertension do not know they have it, but public education is improving the detection rates for this condition. Complications of hypertension, including damage to the heart, kidneys, brain, and eyes, increase after age 50 years. Men, especially black men, suffer serious complications more often than women. Cardiac disease ... assessment of liver and kidney function. If there is kidney damage, the blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine levels are elevated. Elevated serum cholesterol may indicate atherosclerosis....

• Word Count: 1100
• Approx Pages: 4
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... story. An herb called ephedra is currently the most common substance in diet pills. Ephedra also known as desert herb or Ma Huang is available for over the counter distribution, but the FDA is researching the side effects. Many cases of heart diseases and strokes have been linked to the herb. The use of diet pills is not recommended, but the advice does not stop many Americans. Diet pills ... are dangerous and should not be taken. The pills should be avoided because they do not ... , more individuals will incorporate daily exercise into their lives (CBS, 1). In conclusion, diet pills sh...

• Word Count: 1013
• Approx Pages: 4
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... were selected to receive training in yoga and thermal biofeedback methods for six months. The other seven participants were placed in a control group. The subjects had been selected based on their diagnosis of essential hypertension at the Hypertension Clinic, at the General Hospital of Madrid. The participants ranged in age from forty-five to seventy years of ... on heart functions, and systolic pressure. Temperature feedback lowered peripheral resistance, increased skin temperature, and reduced diastolic blood pressure. No significant changes were found between the groups in regards to...

• Word Count: 376
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... of arteries, causing a narrow arterial opening which reduces or constricts blood flow. A thromboembolism is a clot in a blood vessel. Overall, the outlook for Peripheral Arterial Disease is quite good, but there are increasing risks of having a CVA (Stroke) or a MI (heart attack), as well as, in rare cases- amputation of one or more extremities. Symptoms of PAD can start out minimal, such as cramping ... for PAD could be considered indefinite but makes a significant affluence in daily life and could improve overall quality of life. The overall prognosis of PAD is quite good, but the mai...

• Word Count: 912
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... and family of the depressed individual need to remember that the individual did not ask for depression; it is not a flaw in his character, and the individual often does not have much control over what he or she does. Another major effect of chronic insomnia is high blood pressure or hypertension. It is the leading cause of stroke and a major cause of heart attack. Long-term ... high blood pressure makes the heart work especially ... those with it commonly do not take any measures against it. Left untreated, high blood pressure can lead to vision problems, such as swelling of the optic ...

• Word Count: 1096
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... one that would have sex the second but not the first day of the experiment. Other specific instructions for the athletes, including the time of sexual intercourse, sleep habits, diet habits and pre-study sex were also given to the subjects. After all tests were completed the data was compiled and analyzed. For all of the athletes, the measured values of maximal workload, testosterone levels, heart rate and blood pressure showed ... not have sex before the test. The oxygen pulse levels for the sex and non-sex groups were 18.05 ml/beat and 18.62 ml/beat respectively and the double product ...

• Word Count: 2658
• Approx Pages: 11
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... at equilibrium with stimulating forces, we are in a relaxed state. Relaxation is comprised of refreshing tranquility, achieved by removing the accumulated tensions of life. Many studies confirm that this balance in life is good for the body as well as the mind. We can achieve the desired status quo by incorporating a variety of techniques into our lives. Dr. Kleiber, from Recreation and Leisure Studies ... (Cheek, Bredley, Parr, Lan 2003). Learning to live with the stressors of life is often thought to be a normal part of our human development and a function of maturity. The collection o...

• Word Count: 791
• Approx Pages: 3
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... States have diabetes, and over 100,000 people are living with kidney failure as a result of diabetes. People with kidney failure undergo either dialysis, which substitutes for some of the filtering functions of the kidneys, or transplantation to receive a healthy donor kidney. African Americans, American Indians, and Hispanic Americans develop diabetes, nephropathy, and kidney failure at rates higher than ... disease where it already exists. In the past, hypertension was defined as blood pressure exceeding 140 millimeters of mercury-systolic and 90 millimeters of mercury-diastolic. Prof...

• Word Count: 1053
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate