... disappearing in 1978 in Libya. Amal then split into a secular faction, headed by Nabih Beri (now speaker of Lebanon's parliament), and an increasingly radical religious branch, led by Hussein al-Musawi and named Hizballah. Hizballah emerged as a force in 1982 after Israel launched "Operation Peace for Galilee," (intended to end PLO incursions into Israel), and received early help from Iranian ... the man involved fled to Lebanon prior to the filing of the indictment. • Sweden's Sapo intelligence agency has identified 15 people in Sweden who have direct links with the al-Qaida and Hizb...

• Word Count: 2384
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... occupation if it. (Simon and Stevenson, 2003, p.59) The ideological mission stated above is culled from the Introductory Memorandum of the Harakat al-Maqawama al-Islamiyya, better known as the Palestinian Hamas. Literally the "Islamic Resistance Movement" for the fight against Israeli occupation of former Palestinian lands, ... Palestinian groups emerged and sought to replace the PLO as the voice and leader of the Palestinian nation. One such organization was Harakat al-Maqawama al-Islamiyya, or literally the Islamic Resistance Movement. More popularly known as Hamas, the organization is...

• Word Count: 3194
• Approx Pages: 13
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... through hereditary means. Another large part of government in Jordan is the Legislative Branch which is known as the bicameral National Assembly or Majlis al "Umma and consists of the Senate, also called the House of Notables (Majlis al-Aayan) (40 seats; members appointed by the monarch from designated categories of public figures; members serve 4 year terms.) and the House of Representatives ... popular vote on the basis of proportional representation to serve 4-year terms.) The political parties and their leaders are Al-Umma (Nation) Party [Ahmad al-HANANDEH, secretary general], Arab ...

• Word Count: 1093
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... Israeli initiatives regarding southern Lebanon are supported by the US, this further alienating Syria from Israel. However, in the United States" war on Al-Quida the Syrians have been co-operative. With the security of the Israelis in question due to factions of Islamists in the south of Lebanon ... region while under this leadership. Syria is ruled by an authoritarian regime which exhibits the forms of a democratic system but in which President Al-Asad has almost absolute authority. Although citizens vote for the President and members of Parliament, they do not have the right to change ...

• Word Count: 3079
• Approx Pages: 12
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... . However for this to happen. both populations must realize the other person's rights and wants for their state. To get to this point, both states must break the status quo, agree on a division of territories, decide on reliable and safe border which will separate the land and have enough resources and security. The majority of the world seems to ... agree that a two state solution is the most feasible choice to go about this problem. So in that case, the Jewish people will be in the religious and democratic state of ... of Jerusalem. U.S. President Bill Clinton suggested that it can b...

• Word Count: 2632
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... credible in the mind of the public. Then, in the early 18th Century, enters Israel Ben Eliezer, the man known as the Ba"al Shem Tov, Israel Ba"al Shem Tov, or Besht, the founder of Hasidism. He truly captivated the public as a strong, able leader whose philosophies were consistent with that ... the man to whom "more legends have been woven around than around Moses, father of the Prophets [Rabinowicz, 29]" : Israel Ba"al Shem Tov, and his theological philosophies. Israel Ba"al Shem Tov (abbreviated as Besht) was born circa 1700 as part of a poor Polish family. He was an orphan at a young...

• Word Count: 996
• Approx Pages: 4
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... credible in the mind of the public. Then, in the early 18th Century, enters Israel Ben Eliezer, the man known as the Ba"al Shem Tov, Israel Ba"al Shem Tov, or Besht, the founder of Hasidism. He truly captivated the public as a strong, able leader whose philosophies were consistent with that ... the man to whom "more legends have been woven around than around Moses, father of the Prophets [Rabinowicz, 29]" : Israel Ba"al Shem Tov, and his theological philosophies. Israel Ba"al Shem Tov (abbreviated as Besht) was born circa 1700 as part of a poor Polish family. He was an orphan at a young...

• Word Count: 1096
• Approx Pages: 4
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... many Islamic symbols, the Druze religion also incorporates Gnostic and neo-Platonic creeds. In the 10th century, Cairo Hamza ibn Ali, a Persian preacher and Muhammad al-Darazi, a Turkish preacher who gave his name to the sect, pronounced the sixth Fatimid caliph al-Hakim, as Divine. After al-Darazi's death (1020), Hamza declared himself to be the true manifestation of the Divine reality of ... al-Hakim. Hamza was successful in greater Syria, and a series of pastoral letters written at that time form the Druze scripture. Since the Druze religion was seen ... Ismail, the son of Jafar as-...

• Word Count: 1075
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... after the war but led to the Arabs not trusting the government in the future. "In accordance with their prewar promises, the British turned over control of inland Bilad al-Sham to a puppet state led by Faysal in 1918. His government, the Kingdom of Syria, would last only a few months, enjoy little domestic legitimacy, lose British support, and fall victim ... Arab residents of Palestine and the future Arab state to develop their natural resources and establish a growing economy. After this, Arabs and Jews, after the Paris Peace Conference, were to agree upon a border between Palestine a...

• Word Count: 1892
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... the partition of Palestine in November 1947. (Israel/Palestine War) The plan for the partition of Palestine included the details of partition into an Arab state and a Jewish state, with al-Quds (Jerusalem) to be placed under UN control. More than half the land, including the coastal parts, had been given to the Jews, who only owned about 6% of the land ... it a war is between armed Israeli soldiers and unarmed patriots from Palestine liberation groups this involves Hamas, and Al-Jihad. The meeting at Al-Aqaba was made to reach an agreement of cease-fire between both parties. (Civil war ...

• Word Count: 4875
• Approx Pages: 20
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... ), these are "emotions that are felt as a result of the belongingness to a certain group, and targeted at another group". In addition, others Mackie et al., (2000), Wohl and et al., (2006) and Yzerbyt et al., (2003) showed that "Individuals may experience emotions not only in response to personal life events but also in response to events that affect other members ... ...

• Word Count: 2340
• Approx Pages: 9
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... But what was the reason for Israel to react so belligerently? The answer: Fatah. Two days earlier, three Israeli soldiers were killed by a land mine, believed to be planted by al-Fatah from the Hebron area. Whilst proving their military power, Israel lost their only Arab quasi-ally, Jordan, whom they had signed a de facto peace agreement with for intelligence cooperation ... prevent further aggressions towards Israel that might put Egypt at risk of confrontation. The latter is shown in the fact that the chairman of the PLO was Egyptian " Ahmad al-Shuqayri, whose ˜efforts were designed ...

• Word Count: 2880
• Approx Pages: 12
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... and the Middle East. Research shows that the "Average real GDP growth in the region fell from 4.2% in 2010 to 2.2% in 2011, its lowest level in over a decade" (Masetti et al, 2013 ). Although it is predicted that the economic growth will continue to rise in 2013, the real GDP only reached 2.4% in 2012. Ever since the Arab Spring has begun, there ... , namely, Egypt, Tunisia, Morocco, Jordan and Lebanon fell by a quarter, from 20 million in the first half of 2010 to 15 million in the first half of 2011" (Masetti et al, 2013 ). A root cause of the Arab uprising is economic underdevelopment...

• Word Count: 3677
• Approx Pages: 15
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... . Only 40% of them were securely attached, which was less that the number of infants (49%) who were anxious and avoidant. The remaining 11% were anxious and resistant. Grossmann et al. (1985) obtained very similar findings. They suggested that German culture requires keeping some interpersonal distance between parents and children. As Grossmann et ... ) expressed it "the ideal is an independent, non-clinging infant who does not make demands on the parents but rather unquestionably obeys their commands." The findings of Sagi et al. demonstrate that there are large cross-cultural difference...

• Word Count: 1366
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... was raised in a rural environment and then went on to acquire a European style education, in his case, a degree from the French law school in Cairo after he had studied at al-Azhar. "The British authorities responded to Wafd's campaign by arresting Zaghlul and three other leaders and exiling them to Malta in March 1919- (Cleveland, pg. 192). Wafd continued to demand ... his son Faruq, a young monarch whose early popularity was gradually eroded by his personal indulgences (Cleveland, pg. 192). "Following Zaghlul's death in 1927, the Wafd, under the leadership of Mustafa al-Nahhas, became...

• Word Count: 2608
• Approx Pages: 10
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... ), and the Stern Gang, the later two groups being consider Jewish Terrorist groups by the British and by the fledgling PLO, the Palestinian Liberation Organization, then led by Haj Amin Al-Hussein. By October 14,1948 the Arab force had grown to a force fifty five thousand strong while the Israeli military forces had increased to about one hundred thousand people. In ... . Since 1974, when the PLO became the sole legitimate voice of the Palestinian people, Israel has had to contend with this issue. The PLO, and it's subordinate units, such as Al-Fatah, led by Yasser Arafat, have endorsed a...

• Word Count: 859
• Approx Pages: 3
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... Israel. Although little more than pinpricks to the Israelis, these attacks were effective armed propaganda in the Palestinians' political offensive to force the Arab regimes, particularly Egypt under Gamal Abd al-Nasser, to practice what they preached regarding Palestine. The first target chosen by Fatah was especially symbolic, since none of the Arab summit meetings called to deal with Israel's Jordan ... , the Palestinian guerrilla groups, who called themselves fida'iyeen (fedayeen), or self-sacrificers, seized control of the PLO from the leadership that had been installed by Egyptian ...

• Word Count: 2168
• Approx Pages: 9
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... to the Sephardi vote, enough seats to form the first Begin government. Despite its ultranationalist and expansionist ideology, this government responded favourably to the peace initiative from Egypt's president Anwar Al-Sadat, who became in 1977 the first Arab leader to officially visit Israel. Two years later Begin and Sadat signed a peace treaty. The popularity of the party started to decline ... ...

• Word Count: 5872
• Approx Pages: 23
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... . The loss of this first modern Arab- Israeli conflict took a heavy toll on all the Arabs throughout the Middle East, as characterized in the name for that war in Arabic- al nakba, or "the catastrophe". The defeat of the Arab armies and the new issue of the Palestinian fight for self-determination possessed the capacity to unite the Arab world and ... ...

• Word Count: 2218
• Approx Pages: 9
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... who maintained that moral truths are established by God and can be known only through revelation. In the 11th century, attacks on philosophy by orthodox Islamic thinkers, notably the theologian al Ghazali, had much to do with the eventual decline of rationalist philosophical speculation in the Islamic community. The Shiites are the only surviving major sectarian movement in Islam. They emerged ... ...

• Word Count: 1764
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... than ever, and the threat of "terrorism" is ever present, we are bombarded with images of organizations intent on murder, destruction, and the fall of the west. Organisations such as Al-Qaeda, Hamas and Hizbullah are often rattled off by the media. However, in the midst of this one-sided reportage, we fail to see where these organizations get their fuel ... ...

• Word Count: 1533
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... community, and whether or not it should be regarded as ethical. Homosexuality and the Torah There appears to be only one similarity between the two authors. Both Novak and Dorff agree that homosexuality does not fit the traditional Jewish outline of procreation sexuality. The two authors disagree, however, on the degree to which they consider the Torah's statements to be concrete ... , believe that what is natural or occurs in nature is concurrent with the way that is "God-like" or in accordance with God's will. I believe that both of these authors agree with this statement. How they per...

• Word Count: 1270
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... way it was when he first signed the peace treaty and it should return back to that. It is only Idealism that Sharon without military actions form the Palestinians will agree with this. This will be the result of morality on Israel's part because according to Arafat the PLO has already been moral....

• Word Count: 1131
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... the impact of the German Jews on American Jewish life than I can. Yet after reading through some of his writings along with the works of Supple, Meyer, and Glazer I completely agree with his argument that the mid nineteenth century could be referred to as the "German Period" of American Jewish History. The ideas and actions of great German Jewish theorist help ... ...

• Word Count: 755
• Approx Pages: 3
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... . The Palestinians forfeited an opportunity to recognize the UN plan and establish a state of their own. The King of Jordan controlled the West Bank and the divided Palestinians could not agree how a central government for themselves. While the Palestinians owned the land for centuries they refused to recognize that an organization had a right to take it from them and give it ... ...

• Word Count: 646
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Undergraduate