... resulting in this disorder. There are more than 6000 known single-gene disorders. Sometimes mental retardation is caused by a combination of genetic problems and evnironmental factors. This is called multifactorial disorder. Their inheritance patterns are usually complex because not only does the presence of heredity matters, but also the environmental factors. Weight, height, fingerprint patterns, eye color ... or translocations often result in disease. Although they are considered genetic disorders, they are not necessarily inherited, for in most cases each of the parent's gene is nor...

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... would be considered to be a blessing to many couples, it may be just asking for a disaster. By having the freedom to clone for the production of children, it will most likely cause those couples whom are able to conceive children, to want to clone a child. Cloning a child would allow for people to create the "perfect", ideal child. With this, there would be no uniqueness - no ... individuality. Cloning in order to create a "perfect" child was demonstrated in the film Gattaca. In the film ... of having a heart disorder and was expected to die when he is 30.2 years old. In hearing this i...

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... , genetically identical clone. The nucleus of the removed cell is removed, and transferred into an egg from which the DNA has been removed. It is then cultured, and implanted as an embryo into the womb of a surrogate mother. It is then a clone without a biological father. B. An alternative method is to immerse eggs in spermatozoa before bokanovskification makes the resulting embryos into hundreds ... of cloning, one should consider the benefits that many are suggesting as the reasons we should clone. A. There are many benefits to cloning. 1. Cloning represents the only hope of having a c...

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... 1). The prompt speed of genetic development has opened up new opportunities and possibilities for both the children and parents. Soon, there will be stores called Moron-be-Gone or Babies-R-Us. In the future, parents will be looking through these stores and genetically engineering the lives. Parents using genetic ... able to tell from this moment if the future of genetic engineered life will be safe. Genes create a human being; these genes determine the child's appearance and behavior. Generations of smart, good-looking children may result from these processes of alteration, however, not...

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... the issue of genetic prejudice and perfection. The setting and tone of the film are understandably eerie. Vincent Freeman (Ethan Hawke) is a "god child," which in "the not so distant future" is an anomaly and an affront to the advances of genetic science. In the sterile world of the ... Gattaca Aerospace Corporation, god's children, or "faith births," are also called "In-Valids." They are considered to be inferior beings, whose genetic code exposes the imperfections of natural births. In a world where parents can control ... janitor. A fellow janitor tells him not to clean the glass to...

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... addresses the issue of genetic prejudice and perfection. The setting and tone of the film are understandably eerie. Vincent Freeman (Ethan Hawke) is a "god child," which in "the not so distant future" is an anomaly and an affront to the advances of genetic science. In the sterile world of the ... Gattaca Aerospace Corporation, god's children, or "faith births," are also called "In-Valids." They are considered to be inferior beings, whose genetic code exposes the imperfections of natural births. In a world where parents can control ... janitor. A fellow janitor tells him not to clean the ...

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... addresses the issue of genetic prejudice and perfection. The setting and tone of the film are understandably eerie. Vincent Freeman (Ethan Hawke) is a "god child," which in "the not so distant future" is an anomaly and an affront to the advances of genetic science. In the sterile world of the ... Gattaca Aerospace Corporation, god's children, or "faith births," are also called "In-Valids." They are considered to be inferior beings, whose genetic code exposes the imperfections of natural births. In a world where parents can control ... janitor. A fellow janitor tells him not to clean the ...

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... ethics. Human cloning means designer people with known pedigree. This is the ultimate pedigree child. Cloning of human embryos has already been achieved. Successful cloning of adults have announced but not yet proven. It is only a matter of time, months or a very few years before human ... more on the day of birth. Many attempts at animal cloning produced disfigured monsters with severe abnormalities. 2. Non ethical emotional risks - a child grows up knowing her mother is her sister, her grandmother is her mother. Her father is her brother-in-law. Every time her ... child as a result of ...

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... in areas such as language, music, and interpersonal relations, their IQs are usually below average, and they are considered moderately to mildly retarded. This can fool educators into believing a child is progressing further than they truly are (Mullins, 2000, p 27). Scientists have learned that most individuals with Williams syndrome have a deletion of genetic material on chromosome 7. This probably ... disorders of the circulatory system, also known as vascular disorders (Greer, 1997, p 112). The chromosomal deletion that causes Williams Syndrome is so small that it cannot be seen in ...

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... is in short supply. If he doesn't get the transplant, he will die. Would you object to cloning that organ so your child can live? Cloning is the process of making a genetic duplicate of an organism (Freudenrich). Cloning is not new. Cloning has been around for years, but little attention was given until ... be grown for them as needed. Also the potential exists to cure or treat certain diseases that we cannot treat today (Robinson, Therapeutic Cloning: How it is done; possible benefits). Another type of human cloning is called the DNA cloning. DNA cloning is the production of another h...

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... lung damage, severe breathing difficulty and bad circulation, all resulting in a shortened lifespan. Cystic Fibrosis is found on the seventh chromosome and the mutation that leads to cystic fibrosis is called the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator or CFTR, which serves an important function in creating sweat, mucus and digestive juices. Cystic Fibrosis is an Autosomal Recessive genetic disorder and can ... Cystic Fibrosis and Finally, genetic tests can identify a faulty CFTR gene using a sample of the patient's blood. Approximately 3000 Australians have Cystic Fibrosis ...

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... The result is intended to be a cloned twin, perhaps of a dead child. Genetic engineering in its fullest form would result in the child produced having unique genes, as a result of laboratory interference, and therefore the child will not be an identikit twin. Genetic engineering could create crops that ... genes and how they work and are manipulated. In 1977 the first real triumph of genetic engineering was the production of a hormone called "Somatostatin". It is a small molecule about 42 bases long, which meant that scientists were able to produce the hormone chemically. This hormone is...

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... unlocking the secrets of DNA, then the human genome project, all this goes so far to been able to design ones own child. There have been questions on whether it is a good or bad thing to we have the power to manipulate genes. For centuries, mankind has manipulated genetics to ensure the ... of the greediness and curiosity that human beings have, scientists have decided to take the creation of man away from the hands of God. This procedure is called cloning. A clone refers to one or more offspring derived from a single ancestor, whose genetic composition is identical to that of the ancest...

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... become one of the elite who works for Gattaca Corporation. Her status within the system is called "valid". In contrast, Vincent is a child of a "faith" birth. His parents procreate him because they love each other - he is a child made by love. After delivery, the genetic test of his blood stamps him immediately "invalid", ... his parents never had faith in his ability to become an astronaut or anything similar; they even told him that there was no use study to because it would be in vain anyway. Also, when he applied for a "better" job, he was immediately rejected, for his genetic fingerp...

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... behind, or too many may be passed on, resulting in the birth of a child with a genetic or congenital defect or disease. One of the most common of these genetic disorders is Down syndrome. This disorder takes its name from Dr. Langdon Down, who was the first to describe it formally, in 1866. Down syndrome occurs when there is an abnormality in chromosome ... , have an extra 21 chromosome. Instead of the normal number of 46 chromosomes in each cell, the individual with Down syndrome has 47 chromosomes. This condition is called trisomy 21. The second type is called tran slocation since the ...

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... become one of the elite who works for Gattaca Corporation. Her status within the system is called "valid". In contrast, Vincent is a child of a "faith" birth. His parents procreate him because they love each other - he is a child made by love. After delivery, the genetic test of his blood stamps him immediately "invalid", ... his parents never had faith in his ability to become an astronaut or anything similar; they even told him that there was no use study to because it would be in vain anyway. Also, when he applied for a "better" job, he was immediately rejected, for his genetic fingerp...

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... farmers could clone there best wool producing sheep, farmers could make better profits. The technique that is used to clone the animals is called nuclear transfer and as it improves it could dramatically benefit the agricultural industry. Another ways it can benefit animals is we now have the ability to save endangered species. Through cloning we can now clone endangered species so that they ... diseases such as diabetes, Parkinson's and Cystic Fibrosis. Cloning could also help researchers cure any number of diseases. Cloning could also provide a child for couples who are infertile or g...

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... is the greatest advance in science since finger printing itself. Genetic fingerprinting was first developed as an identification technique in 1985. It was originally used to detect genetic diseases but it was soon used in criminal investigations. DNA is extracted from the sample of blood, hair roots, semen or saliva. Enzymes ... that break the DNA apart are put in and the broken segments are arranged by size on a sheet covered with gel, the process is called electrophoresis. The ... , hair roots, semen or saliva from the scene are converted into barcodes and then compared with the suspec...

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... illness was they key moment or event for genetics. They injection of a genetically altered white blood cells into the child's body was little more than a transfusion. The child sat on a bed, an intravenous tube was hooked to her arm and her own white blood cells were infused ... quality foods, create new lives, and cure diseases. In May of 1994, the Food and Drug Administration approved a genetically engineered tomato called "Flavr Savr". Many people cringe at the thought of eating them. These tomatoes, though, are proven better and healthier even though they ... are slow ripening. The...

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... of biochemical inside cells. When a couple has children the child will receive a mixture of genetics from both the mother and father. There are tens of thousands genes and arranged 46 chromosomes. Genes control the growth of our body. It also determines the color of hair and the color of ... is a deliberate effort to develop kinds, and strains, of organisms that would benefit human beings. Scientists proved that genes are made of a chemical called deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). DNA molecules are big compared to most other molecules. DNA molecules are made up of many smaller molecules. When ...

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... into the uterus of a surrogate mother'. Then on October 13th 2001, human cloning research had an even bigger breakthrough. Cloned early-stage human embryos generated only from eggs, in a process called parthenogenesis "now put therapeutic cloning within reach. American company Advanced Cell Technology announced their success with creating cloned human embryos that could be used for therapeutic cloning procedures. Therapeutic ... against the whole process of natural evolution. Genetically engineered babies may also be born with defective genes that cannot be detected until birth or even la...

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... mutated cause normal cells to turn cancerous. Mutations cause the proto-oncogene to increase the level of expression or activity it experiences. The mutated form of a proto-oncogene is called an oncogene. Normally, proto-oncogenes give coding to proteins that encourage cell division, stop cell differentiation, and put ... cancer. Obesity is very unhealthy, and disrupts normal functions in the body. Woman who have never been pregnant, or had their first child over the age of 35 increase their risk of breast cancer. Changes occur in the body and breasts during pregnancy, and timing is ... ...

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... longer than an adult. USDA officials have a chance to heavily monitor companies producing meat but find it is much too difficult to monitor everyone. So some bacteria slips by and into the food we consume. (Child Health Alert) In 2001, a noted controversy surrounding the E-Coli health issue took place in ... in food is the CDC or Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Although the CDC does not have the regulatory authority that the FDA and USDA, it takes a prime role in E-coli prevention. (Clark) The CDC helps states investigate large, severe, or unusual outbreaks of E-Coli 0157. I...

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... the disorder. The result of this is that the patients, if undergoing a successful therapy, would become normal and would function properly. The process uses a molecule called a vector, which is a carrier that does the transporting of the healthy gene to be replaced into the genetic information of our body. A type of ... swap an abnormal gene with a normal gene through homologous recombination. The third way is to repair an abnormal gene by selective reverse mutation, in which it changes the gene to function normally. The last way is to regulate or alter the degree in which a gene is turn...

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... infections. So what causes cystic fibrosis? There is a defective gene and it alters a protein. This protein regulates the movement of salt, called sodium chloride, in and out of cells. Since this gene is defective, it results in thick and sticky fluids in the respiratory and digestive tracts and ... reproductive system. This is also what causes the sweat to have increased amounts of salt. The inherited gene is a recessive gene, meaning the child ... families with cystic fibrosis, the chances are one out of four that the child will get cystic fibrosis Scientists estimate that 10 millions...

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