... accomplished great things for their countries. Following Lenin and Trotsky's revolution and reign in Russia, Stalin began his massive political, social, and economic changes in 1928 with the First Five Year Plan, which was designed to cause rapid industrialization and the collectivization of agriculture. After the Bolsheviks or proletariat won the Marxist theory of class war, they did not know ... the Industrial Revolution of Great Britain as a example, Stalin caused a agricultural revolution by his process of collectivization, which created collective farms owned by the government and f...

• Word Count: 2251
• Approx Pages: 9
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... Stalin ruling of Russia. All these resulted in an overall change in how Russia was ruled from autocracy to communism. In 1900 four out of five citizens of Russia were peasants, who could only make a living in farming. This way of life would become a long term cause for the ... and poor decisions was an underlying cause of his abdication. Nicholas was unprepared to rule Russia, a country of immense population of one hundred and twenty five million. This was because Nicholas predecessor and father, Alexander III, died earlier than expected, this meant he was not trained to become the Tsar...

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... and a lot of poverty . Slater Fund renewed his fellowship for one more year. The next year fellowship ran out, was completing his third semester needs five semesters to get the degree . Returned to Great Barrington, Massachusetts went looking for a job. Mailed letters to Howard, Fisk, and Tuskegee for jobs, a ... supply, year later had daughter Yolande . Went to Paris for an exposition, met with 32 men and women, to advance the civil rights of Africans across the globe . In London they formed the Pan-African Association. Du Bois was announced as the organizations chairman. Same year he a...

• Word Count: 2104
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... was the text of his Wheeling Speech. In his speech there was some general talk about communism, but he also presented a list of two hundred five suspects, compiled by a former F.B.I. agent, by the name of Robert E. Lee. The House of Representatives ignored the list several years earlier when ... first introduced due to lack of evidence. Later on McCarthy's original list of two hundred five suspects was reduced to fifty-seven, in part because one hundred eight "risks" had left the department. McCarthy then further reduced the number in ... give the impression they were hiding communists i...

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• Has Bibliography

... equal has not been, and cannot ever be achieved. Orwell is successful in establishing that any totalitarian system of government is equally as bad as another. He gets this theme across by tone, style, characterization, imagery, a fast paced plot, as well as his unique sense of humor. In order to analyze the progression and development of this theme it is essential ... treated some animals in my life, for example squishing insects and running away from cats. Orwell uses just the right amount of exaggeration when it comes to getting his point across, so that readers believe him when he do...

• Word Count: 1710
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... (Keegan). The lack of success on the part of the Polish resistance forces is a direct result of the myriad of problems with their allied supporters. On 26 September 1939, twenty five days after the Germans invaded the Polish border, a Romanian plane hijacked by Polish forces landed near Warsaw carrying  an emissary of the Polish commander-in-chief. His two orders for ... first to France and then in 1940 to the United Kingdom in order to continue operations in exile (PP). As the newly relocated government were organizing and stabilizing, they determined five essential tasks to be comple...

• Word Count: 1728
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... mistrust within the party, many of whom thought Trotsky would split the party as a result of his extreme views and eventually become a dictator, due to his views of Communism spreading across the world through Permanent Revolution. Trotsky was a key figure during the November Revolution and Civil War, as his formation of the Red army resulted in the success of the Bolshevik ... country to a modern, powerful industrialized nation, catching up with the West in 10 years, otherwise, he was aware the Revolution would be lost. It was important for Stalin to organize a five-year plan, as his w...

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... Kolyma said, " The death rate in all camps was high a zek stood very little change of coming out alive at the end of his sentence if it was longer than five years." Dmitry Likhachev a survivor of the purges said, "many had diarrhea with blood." This shows the extent of horror, which occurred during the purges. Robert Conquest wrote, "Stalin's war had ... among all the Bolshevik leaders. He understood best how to seize and to keep power." Dmitry Likhachev is still in dread today due to his horrific experiences. Dmitry was sentenced a five year sentence for making fun of some speeches abo...

• Word Count: 1274
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: High School

... 's oil supplies. The ability for Britain to be controlled, and publicly condemned by both international bodies, highlighted its inability to exert the imperial power they once held as early as five decades previous. Furthermore, the consequences of Britain's actions emphasized the power of Nationalist leaders, eager to emerge from the dark shadows of imperialism. A major outcome of the Suez Crisis was ... alliance. Due to Nasser's recognition of the Peoples Republic of China, combined with Eisenhower's fear that Egypt did not have the economic capabilities to complete the Aswan dam, a st...

• Word Count: 1540
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... support the Bolshevik seizure of power. Once Lenin had seized power, a new threat loomed, consolidating his newly gained power. Just after the revolution Lenin immediately began organising similar take-overs across Russia, by the end of October only a handful of regions remained loyal to the provisional government. The main threat to Lenin's new empire came in the form of the white ... caused some 5 million deaths. The GOELRO plan was the solution to Russia's economic state, a first of its kind, introduced to move the economy into the modern era. A precursor to Stalin's five year plans,...

• Word Count: 1841
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... hard enough at the Physical Jerks. As we enter chapter 3 he head off to his job at the Ministry of Truth in the Records Section deleting obsolete files. He comes across Comrade Withers, one of the former officials of Big Brother who has since been vaporized. He was replacing his records, since he was no longer a loyal member of the Party ... all were lies. The city was in decay, the electricity rarely worked, and it was a complete mess. In the end when the Party would announce that two and two made five, and you would have to believe it. He remembers back at a time e caught the Party in...

• Word Count: 1295
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• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... dagger CIA director, he had a passion for the covert operations and shared as little information as possible, during his "reign" the CIA regained its all-powerful image, and received a twenty-five percent budget raise ( ). Also the CIA bought its new home, a one hundred and forty acre plot in Langley Virginia, where over twenty thousand of the CIA's employees work. Casey also ... , the Lockheed Corp., hired the Ivy League bagmen, Manchurian spies, and even Japanese assassins to help sell more planes ( ). What has happened is that private CIA's-for-hire have metastasized across the landsc...

• Word Count: 2487
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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... until 1979 when the Soviets deployed their new SS20missiles in East Germany forcing an acceleration in the arms race and the spread of nuclear weapons across the East West frontier, and again increased the likelihood of another war in Europe. In 1961, Raymond Aron had written that the US and ... and was very much a forerunner to the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (CSCE), held in Helsinki, which also helped to abate the tensions across Europe and the globe. The conference was launched in Helsinki 1973. All of Europe (apart from Albania), the US and Canada took part in su...

• Word Count: 1917
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• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... aggressions. The western view of the time saw Stalin as doing one of two things: either continuing the expansionist policies of the tsars that preceded him, or worse, spreading communism across the world now that his "one-state" notion had been fulfilled. It also must be mentioned that Stalin is seen as wanting "unchalleged personal power and a rebuilt Russia strong enough ... were annoyed because Germany east of the Rivers Oder and Neisse were being occupied by Russian troops and were being run by the pro-communist Polish government, who expelled over five million Germans. This went di...

• Word Count: 1438
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: High School

... was only the first of his stirring wartime speeches, which knit the country together and inspired people around the world. A War Leader The story of Churchill's life for the next five years is an integral part of the history of World War II. He was national commander in chief, with direct control over the formulation of policy and the conduct of ... its climax, he led his country in its "finest hour." British memorials to Churchill include the establishment of Churchill College at Cambridge University, which houses Churchill's papers, and a prominent statue across from the Houses of Par...

• Word Count: 1600
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• Grade Level: High School

The United States and the Soviet Union became the two superpowers of the post - World War II era. For the officially defined period of forty five years the US and the USSR have been in the state of war; however no direct confrontations ever emerged between them on either territory. Each state had its ideological mission, ... Eastern Europe that was seen by the west as an act of aggression. In 1946 Churchill, who had been the UK wartime Prime Minister spoke of an "Iron Curtain" falling across the Eastern Europe in which Russians now controlled many states. That would be the view of the West i...

• Word Count: 1778
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• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... these notions, and had their own ideas for the progress of Russia. This was based on the idea that Russia was unique in that the peasants, who made up ninety-five per cent of the population, had lived in a communal atmosphere for many centuries. In these communes, they were allotted land based upon their needs, and would not use more land ... factions: the Bolsheviks, headed by Lenin, and the Mensheviks, a group of orthodox Marxists who believed capitalism and social democracy must develop on their own. As World War I picks up steam across the European continent, Tsar Nicholas II takes ...

• Word Count: 1522
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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... started, 6am hot tea, toilet, breakfast, morning interrogation, lunch, roof top for 15 minutes of exercise, afternoon interrogation, supper, toilet, evening interrogation, toilet, return to cell for the night . Every five days Powers was allowed to bath and given clean underwear and socks. Interrogations soon included American newspapers and press releases; this is how Powers found out that his 27th mission ... wife and parents present. On August 19th Francis Gary Powers was convicted in a Russian court and sentenced to serve ten years in prison. Eighteen months later Powers found himse...

• Word Count: 1430
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: High School

... ground and quickly concluded his need for reinforcements. Before August 1939 he had acquired 550 front line aircraft, 500 state-of-the-art T34 tanks, twenty cavalry squadrons and thirty-five infantry battalions. He outnumbered the Kwantung Army three to two in infantry, by three squadrons in cavalry, and possessed a qualitative edge in armor. But above all, his army was to ... their units at the time of the attack. A German style communications network assured tight control throughout the battle. The Red Army's surprise assault began on 20 August 1939, with a thrust across the border in...

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... victims, hundreds of thousands of Roma (Gypsies) and at least two hundred fifty thousand mentally of physically disabled persons were also victims of the Nazi genocide. As Nazi cruelty spread across Europe from 1933 to 1945, millions of other innocent people were persecuted and murdered. More than three million Soviet prisoners of war were killed because of their nationality. Slaves were ... into a concentration area. These Jews would be brought from every country; then put under German rule: all one hundred eighty thousand Jews who were still living in Germany, all sixty five thousand ...

• Word Count: 1707
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• Grade Level: High School

... said, "By 1941 the main aim of Stalin's policy of rapid industrialisation had been achieved. The USSR, though politically demoralised, was one of the world's great industrial powers ". Launching the Five-Year Plan was instrumental to Stalin's increase in power, however Stalin was not the only component of this economic success. The Great Depression of 1929 had a direct effect on the ... to the USSR as technical consultants because they could not find jobs in the depression era. While the rest of the world was struggling, the Soviet Union was prospering. The Five Year Plans, implemented ...

• Word Count: 1393
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... and the final component involved the collectivisation of all the agricultural land under state control. In order to promote this plan Stalin set about implementing a series of five year plans. In 1928 Lenin's New Economic Policy was replaced by the first five year plan which sought to ensure that the Soviet Union gained self-sufficiency in agriculture through collectivisation. The second ... into agriculture increased massively, productivity did not match what was planned and agricultural output actually declined. The state barely coped with the formidable organisational problems within a...

• Word Count: 2410
• Approx Pages: 10
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... (The Party 14). Stalin's rule was brutal and his power was absolute. He began forced collectivization and industrialization programs in 1928. He used five-year plans and a system of quotas to ensure that all of Russia was productive. He deported and executed many, many Kulaks, or wealthier peasants ... are still evident in Russia today. Stalin did improve Russia's industrial system, but he had a negative effect on Russian society. Stalin used the Five Year Plans to make great strides in industrializing Russia. Socially, he gave some important social benefits to workers and gave women equ...

• Word Count: 1682
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... (The Party 14). Stalin's rule was brutal and his power was absolute. He began forced collectivization and industrialization programs in 1928. He used five-year plans and a system of quotas to ensure that all of Russia was productive. He deported and executed many, many Kulaks, or wealthier peasants ... are still evident in Russia today. Stalin did improve Russia's industrial system, but he had a negative effect on Russian society. Stalin used the Five Year Plans to make great strides in industrializing Russia. Socially, he gave some important social benefits to workers and gave women equ...

• Word Count: 1682
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: High School

... industrialize the USSR in the shortest possible time... The plan, put into action ruthlessly, aimed at making the USSR self-sufficient" (Internet Site 5). Stalin modernised industry through a system called the Five Year Plans. Millions of Russians set to work to build new cities, dams, transport and communication facilities, railway lines including the Moscow underground, farm machinery and power stations to increase ... soldiers were drafted into the Stalingrad area. They were supported from an increasing flow of tanks, aircraft and rocket batteries from the factories built east of the ...

• Word Count: 1272
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate